Biodegradable Check Dam and Synthetic Polymer, its Experimental Evaluation for Turbidity Control of Agricultural Drainage Water

Kim, Minyoung,Kim, Seounghee,Kim, Jinoh,Lee, Sangbong,Kim, Youngjin,Cho, Yongho Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6

A drainage ditch is normally a component of drainage networks in farming systems to remove surplus water, but at the same time, it may act as a major conduit of agricultural nonpoint source pollutions such as sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, and so on. The hybrid turbidity reduction system using biodegradable check dam and synthetic polymer was developed in this study to manage pollutant discharge from agricultural farmlands during rainfall events and/or irrigation periods. The performance of this hybrid system was assessed using a laboratory open channel sized in 10m-length and 0.2m-width. Various check dams using agricultural byproducts (e.g., rice straw, rice husks, coconut fiber and a mixture of rice husks and coconut fiber) were tested and additional physical factors (e.g., channel slope, flowrate, PAM dosage, turbidity level, etc.) affecting on turbidity reduction were applied to assess their performance. A series of lab experiments clearly showed that the hybrid turbidity reduction system could play a significant role as a supplementary of Best Management Practice (BMP). Moreover, the findings of this study could facilitate to develop an advanced BMP for minimizing nonpoint source pollution from agricultural farmlands and ultimately to achieve the sustainable agriculture.

분산형 액세스 노드 시스템을 위한 관리 기능의 객체지향 분석 및 설계

김진오(JinOh Kim),김익균(IkKyun Kim),이왕환(WangHwan Lee),김협종(HyupJong Kim) 한국정보과학회 1998 정보과학회논문지 : 시스템 및 이론 Vol.25 No.11

객체지향 방법론은 요구사항에 대한 정확한 분석과 더불어 재활용성, 확장정, 안정성 등을 제공함으로써 보다 효과적인 유지보수를 지원한다. 본 논문에서는 효율적인 시스템 분석 및 설계를 위한 객체지향 소프트웨어 프레임워크에 대하여 논한다. 본 논문에서 제시하는 소프트웨어 프레임워크는 응용 프레임워크 클래스와 소프트웨어의 구조적 프레임워크로서의 디자인 패턴을 의미한다. 응용 프레임워크 클래스는 응용 소프트웨어를 간편하게 설계하고 구현할 수 있는 기본적인 클래스의 집합을 제공하며, 디자인 패턴은 일관성 있는 설계 원칙을 지원함으로써 응용 소프트웨어에 대한 구조적 프레임워크로 이용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 분산형 액세스 노드 시스템 관리를 위한 응용 프레임워크 클래스와 이를 바탕으로한 시스템 분석 및설계에 대하여 논의한다. 또한 분산된 멀티스레드 환경하에서 효율적이고 재사용 가능한 소프트웨어 구조를 지원하는 Actor-Reactor 패턴에 대해 제안한다. Object-oriented technology promotes a better understanding of requirements and results in more modifiable and maintainable applications providing other benefits such as reusability, extensibility, robustness, reliability and scalability. In this paper, we present the object-oriented application framework for efficient system analysis and design. The software framework we presented comprises the application framework classes and the design pattern as a framework of the software architecture. The application framework classes provide a set of application foundation class that can support easy design and implementation of the application software. The design pattern can be used as the architectural framework by providing unified design concept and principle. In this paper, we present the application framework classes for DANS (Distributed Access Node System) management and describe the system analysis and design based on the framework classes. And we also propose the Actor-Reactor pattern to provide the efficient and reusable software architecture for the distributed and multithreaded environment.

Biodegradable Check Dam and Synthetic Polymer, its Experimental Evaluation for Turbidity Control of Agricultural Drainage Water

Minyoung Kim,Seounghee Kim,Jinoh Kim,Sangbong Lee,Youngjin Kim,Yongho Cho 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.6

A drainage ditch is normally a component of drainage networks in farming systems to remove surplus water, but at the same time, it may act as a major conduit of agricultural nonpoint source pollutions such as sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, and so on. The hybrid turbidity reduction system using biodegradable check dam and synthetic polymer was developed in this study to manage pollutant discharge from agricultural farmlands during rainfall events and/or irrigation periods. The performance of this hybrid system was assessed using a laboratory open channel sized in 10m-length and 0.2m-width. Various check dams using agricultural byproducts (e.g., rice straw, rice husks, coconut fiber and a mixture of rice husks and coconut fiber) were tested and additional physical factors (e.g., channel slope, flowrate, PAM dosage, turbidity level, etc.) affecting on turbidity reduction were applied to assess their performance. A series of lab experiments clearly showed that the hybrid turbidity reduction system could play a significant role as a supplementary of Best Management Practice (BMP). Moreover, the findings of this study could facilitate to develop an advanced BMP for minimizing nonpoint source pollution from agricultural farmlands and ultimately to achieve the sustainable agriculture.

친환경 바이오폴리머를 이용한 탁도 및 유기물 제거 메커니즘 연구

김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),김승희 ( Seounghee Kim ),김진오 ( Jinoh Kim ),이상봉 ( Sangbong Lee ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),조용호 ( Yongho Cho ) 한국농공학회 2012 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2012 No.-

강우시 우수에 포함되어 하천 수계로 유입되는 비점오염원에 대한 관심은 나날이 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 바이오폴리머를 이용한 탁도 및 유기물 관리에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 각종 다른 형태 및 종류의 바이오폴리머를 이용, 교반실험을 실시하여 수질개선효과를 정량화하였다. 본 연구는 폴리머의 강우 유출수 내 응집, 침전 효과를 극대화시키기 위한 교반강도, 교반시간, 시료의 양 등을 선정하고, 유기물과 탁도 물질의 응집메커니즘 또한 파악하였다. 응집메커니즘 인공시험수의 Jar-test 실험 결과, 시험수의 탁도 및 유기물 제거율은 대부분 78% 이상 되는 것으로 나타났다. Eroded soil discharged from agricultural farmlands is a major water quality issue. Biopolymer, one of flocculants, has been demonstrated to reduce erosion and turbidity in runoff, but there is little information on the interactions between PAM properties and that of the water or suspended solids. This study investigated the removal efficiency of turbidity in agricultural runoff by various environmental-friendly biopolymer, This study tested biopolymer products for turbidity reduction in Kaolinite suspensions (as the dominant clay mineral (70~90%), a pH between 5~6, and very low organic matter). A series of jar-test experiments was conducted using different types of biopolymer at a given turbidity level. The turbidity reductions of greater than 78% were achieved for most cases. The result of this study would be valuable for the application of flocculant to control of agricultural runoff.

농업 비점오염원 배출 관리를 위한 생분해성 체크댐 설계 및 활용

김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),김승희 ( Seounghee Kim ),이상봉 ( Sangbong Lee ),김진오 ( Jinoh Kim ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),조용호 ( Yongho Cho ) 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.-

기존의 최적관리기술(Best management practice, BMP) 중 하나인 쇄석체크댐은 수로 내 유속을 감소시켜 유출을 저감하고, 토사침식을 제어하며, 부유사를 침전케 하는 성능을 가진다. 하지만 강우유출수 내 직경 10~100 마이크론의 작은 미립자를 제거하기란 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서 개발된 하이브리드형 탁수저감기법은 생분해성 체크댐과 합성 폴리머를 혼용한 시스템으로써, 응집제를 이용하여 유출수 내 미립자를 응집, 침전시키고, 체크댐을 이용해 반응 및 지체시간을 늘임으로써 미립자와 폴리머 사이의 반응을 유도하기 위한 것이다. 개발된 기술의 최적 사용을 위해 설치방법에 관련된 추가연구가 진행되었다. 생분해성 체크댐 설치 개수, 설치 간격, 녹화마대와의 혼용여부 등 추가 항목에 대한 실험결과 2중 체크댐보다는 1개 단독으로 사용되는 체크댐, 녹화마대와 혼용할 경우, 수로바닥과 생분해성 체크댐 바닥에 깔거나, 체크댐을 감싸는 형태로 설치하는 경우, 생분해성 체크댐의 설치 간격은 최소 6미터를 유지하는 경우 등에서 최적의 수질개선효과가 나타났다. 종합적인 연구결과 본 시스템은 탁도 뿐만 아니라 추가 5개 수질항목에 대해서 모두 90% 이상의 수질개선 효과를 나타내었으며, 기존의 최적관리기술의 보조적인 수단으로써 충분히 사용가치가 있음을 증명하였다. Check dams are small structures designed to slow the speed of concentrated stormwater flows, control erosion, and allow suspended sediment to settle out, but suspended solids, particles that typically ranging from 10 to 100 microns in diameters, are not easily removable. The hybrid turbidity reduction system consisting a biodegradable check dam (BCD) and synthetic polymer was developed in this study. Supplementary study was followed up to determine the installation method. Many relevant factors were brought up and they were a number of BCD, burlap mat, installation space, and so on. The findings of this study were : 1) single occupancy of BCD, 2) co-use with burlap mat, 3) spreading or wrapping a BCD with a burlap mat, 4) at least 6m spacing between BCDs, and so on. Water samples from laboratory and field were collected and analyzed for a total of 6 water quality items (BOD, COD, Turbidity, etc.). Overall evaluation of this study revealed that the hybrid turbidity reduction system not only reduced a level of turbidity in runoff waters but also improved water quality up to 90%. The hybrid turbidity reduction system clearly showed that it could contribute to best manage agricultural NPS pollution as a supplementary method.

농업부산물을 활용한 농경지 발생 탁수 저감 연구

김민영 ( Minyoung Kim ),김승희 ( Seounghee Kim ),이상봉 ( Sangbong Lee ),김진오 ( Jinoh Kim ),김영진 ( Youngjin Kim ),조용호 ( Yongho Cho ) 한국농공학회 2013 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2013 No.-

축산농가, 농약살포, 관개, 시비 등 영농활동에 의한 농업비점오염원 유출이 많이 일어나며, 주요 오염원으로는 유사, 영양물질, 병원균, 농약 등이 있다. 영농활동은 생태계 및 인근 하천 등에 영향을 미치나, 적절한 관리방안으로 인해 지표수 및 지하수에 미치는 영향을 최소화할 수 있다. 수많은 관련프로그램들이 비점오염원 유출을 제어하기 위해 개발되고 사용되어 오고 있다. 본 연구에서 개발된 하이브리드형 탁수저감장치는 기존의 농업비점오염원 저감방안으로부터 아이디어를 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 농업부산물을 이용한 생분해성 체크댐과 합성폴리머를 함께 사용함으로써 기존의 비점오염저감방안으로 처리하기 어려웠던 유출수 내 부유사를 응집, 침전시켜 제거토록 하였다. 크기가 다른 2개의 인공수로장치를 제작하여 요인실험을 실시하였다. 왕겨, 볏짚, 톱밥, 코코넛섬유 등 4개의 농업부산물과 19가지의 합성폴리머를 선정하여 수질개선효과를 비교 검토하였다.성능분석, 경제성 분석 및 제작/유지관리 용이성 등을 평가하여 최종적으로 왕겨를 이용한 생분해성 체크댐과 APS 705 합성폴리머를 선정하였다. 총 6개의 수질항목을 분석한 결과 최대 90%까지 수질개선효과가 있음으로 나타났다. The major agricultural NPS (nonpoint source) pollutants that result from agricultural activities (e.g., animal facilities, pesticide spraying, irrigation, fertilizing, etc.) are sediment, nutrients, pathogens, pesticides, and salts. Agricultural activities damage habitat and stream channels, but their impacts on surface water and groundwater can be minimized by properly managing activities. Numerous government programs are available to help people design and pay for management approaches to prevent and control NPS pollution. In this study, the ideal adopting technologies and practices to limit water quality impacts became at the root of the hybrid turbidity reduction system consisting of biodegradable check dam and synthetic polymer. Returning by-products in agricultural fields was one of motifs of this study. Rice straw, husks, coconut fiber and sawdust were carefully chosen for biodegradable check dam and a total of 19 synthetic polymers commercially available were tested for their performance. Laboratoryand semi-field scale of artificial open channels with adjustable slopes were constructed. A series of performance test followed by an economic evaluation concluded that a biodegradable check dam made of rice husks along with APS 705 performed best. Overall, up to 90% of water quality improvement were achieved by analyzing a total of 6 water quality items (BOD, COD, SS, Turbidity, etc.).

Dynamic ID randomization for user privacy in mobile network

Arijet Sarker(Arijet Sarker ),SangHyun Byun(SangHyun Byun),Manohar Raavi(Manohar Raavi ),Jinoh Kim(Jinoh Kim),Jonghyun Kim(Jonghyun Kim),Sang-Yoon Chang(Sang-Yoon Chang) 한국전자통신연구원 2022 ETRI Journal Vol.44 No.6

Mobile and telecommunication networking uses temporary and random identifiers (IDs) to protect user privacy. For greater intelligence and security o the communications between the core network and the mobile user, we design and build a dynamic randomization scheme for the temporary IDs for mobile networking, including 5G and 6G. Our work for ID randomization (ID-RZ) advances the existing state-of-the-art ID re-allocation approach in 5G in the following ways. First, ID-RZ for ID updates is based on computing, as opposed to incurring networking for the re-allocation-based updates, and is designed for lightweight and low-latency mobile systems. Second, ID-RZ changes IDs proactively (as opposed to updating based on explicit networking event triggers) and provides stronger security (by increasing the randomness and frequency of ID updates). We build on the standard cryptographic primitives for security (e.g., hash) and implement our dynamic randomization scheme in the 5G networking protocol to validate its design purposes, which include time efficiency (two to four orders of magnitude quicker than the re-allocation approach) and appropriateness for mobile applications.

Development of Driving Simulator for Safety Training of Agricultural Tractor Operators

Kim, Yu-Yong,Kim, Byounggap,Shin, Seung-Yeoub,Kim, Jinoh,Yum, Sunghyun Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2014 바이오시스템공학 Vol.39 No.4

Purpose: This study was aimed at developing a tractor-driving simulator for the safety training of agricultural tractor operators. Methods: The developed simulator consists of five principal components: mock operator control devices, a data acquisition and processing device, a motion platform, a visual system that displays a computer model of the tractor, a motion platform, and a virtual environment. The control devices of a real tractor cabin were successfully converted into mock operator control devices in which sensors were used for relevant measurements. A 3D computer model of the tractor was also implemented using 3ds Max, tractor dynamics, and the physics of Unity 3D. The visual system consisted of two graphic cards and four monitors for the simultaneous display of the four different sides of a 3D object to the operator. The motion platform was designed with two rotational degrees of freedom to reduce cost, and inverse kinematics was used to calculate the required motor positions and to rotate the platform. The generated virtual environment consisted of roads, traffic signals, buildings, rice paddies, and fields. Results: The effectiveness of the simulator was evaluated by a performance test survey administered to 128 agricultural machinery instructors, 116 of whom considered the simulator as having potential for improving safety training. Conclusions: From the study results, it is concluded that the developed simulator can be effectively used for the safety training of agricultural tractor operators.

Forecasting Demand of Agricultural Tractor, Riding Type Rice Transplanter and Combine Harvester by using an ARIMA Model

Kim, Byounggap,Shin, Seung-Yeoub,Kim, Yu Yong,Yum, Sunghyun,Kim, Jinoh Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2013 바이오시스템공학 Vol.38 No.1

Purpose: The goal of this study was to develop a methodology for the demand forecast of tractor, riding type rice transplanter and combine harvester using an ARIMA (autoregressive integrated moving average) model, one of time series analysis methods, and to forecast their demands from 2012 to 2021 in South Korea. Methods: To forecast the demands of three kinds of machines, ARIMA models were constructed by following three stages; identification, estimation and diagnose. Time series used were supply and stock of each machine and the analysis tool was SAS 9.2 for Windows XP. Results: Six final models, supply based ones and stock based ones for each machine, were constructed from 32 tentative models identified by examining the ACF (autocorrelation function) plots and the PACF (partial autocorrelation function) plots. All demand series forecasted by the final models showed increasing trends and fluctuations with two-year period. Conclusions: Some forecast results of this study are not applicable immediately due to periodic fluctuation and large variation. However, it can be advanced by incorporating treatment of outliers or combining with another forecast methods.

Geographic and demographic variabilities of quantitative parameters in stress myocardial com-puted tomography perfusion

( Jinoh Park ),( Hyun-sook Kim ),( Hye Jeon Hwang ),( Dong Hyun Yang ),( Hyun Jung Koo ),( Joon-won Kang ),( Young-hak Kim ) 대한내과학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.32 No.5

Background/Aims: To evaluate the geographic and demographic variabilities of the quantitative parameters of computed tomography perfusion (CTP) of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium in patients with normal coronary artery on com-puted tomography angiography (CTA). Methods: From a multicenter CTP registry of stress and static computed tomog-raphy, we retrospectively recruited 113 patients (mean age, 60 years; 57 men) with-out perfusion defect on visual assessment and minimal (< 20% of diameter steno-sis) or no coronary artery disease on CTA. Using semiautomatic analysis software, quantitative parameters of the LV myocardium, including the myocardial attenu-ation in stress and rest phases, transmural perfusion ratio (TPR), and myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI), were evaluated in 16 myocardial segments. Results: In the lateral wall of the LV myocardium, all quantitative parameters ex-cept for MPRI were significantly higher compared with those in the other walls. The MPRI showed consistent values in all myocardial walls (anterior to lateral wall: range, 25% to 27%; p = 0.401). At the basal level of the myocardium, all quan-titative parameters were significantly lower than those at the mid- and apical levels. Compared with men, women had significantly higher values of myocardial attenuation and TPR. Age, body mass index, and Framingham risk score were significantly associated with the difference in myocardial attenuation. Conclusions: Geographic and demographic variabilities of quantitative param-eters in stress myocardial CTP exist in healthy subjects without significant coro-nary artery disease. This information may be helpful when assessing myocardial perfusion defects in CTP.