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Amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes protect neurons from injury in a rat stroke model
Lee, Hyun Jung,Park, Jiae,Yoon, Ok Ja,Kim, Hyun Woo,Lee, Do Yeon,Kim, Do Hee,Lee, Won Bok,Lee, Nae-Eung,Bonventre, Joseph V.,Kim, Sung Su Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2011 Nature nanotechnology Vol.6 No.2
<P>Stroke results in the disruption of tissue architecture and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Transplanting scaffolds containing stem cells into the injured areas of the brain has been proposed as a treatment strategy, and carbon nanotubes show promise in this regard, with positive outcomes when used as scaffolds in neural cells and brain tissues. Here, we show that pretreating rats with amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes can protect neurons and enhance the recovery of behavioural functions in rats with induced stroke. Treated rats showed less tissue damage than controls and took longer to fall from a rotating rod, suggesting better motor functions after injury. Low levels of apoptotic, angiogenic and inflammation markers indicated that amine-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes protected the brains of treated rats from ischaemic injury.</P>
Kyeongrin Bang,Hyojung Kwon,Minsup Lee,Jiae Lee,Sejung Hwang,Saeyoull Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.04
A full-length lysozyme cDNA from Gryllotalpa orientalis was cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the lysozyme protein was 143 amino acids in length, with a calculated molecular mass of 15.84 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.74. Sequence motifs, together with alignment and phylogenetic results, confirmed that G. orientalis lysozyme belongs to the C (chicken)-type lysozyme family of proteins. The protein sequence of lysozyme from G. orientalis showed high identity to that of Drosophila melanogaster (51.7%); however, in contrast to D. melanogaster lysozyme, G. orientalis lysozyme was immune inducible and expressed in a wide range of tissues. Expression of G. orientalis lysozyme mRNA was highest at 8 h post-infection and subsequently decreased with time after bacterial infection. We also expressed G. orientalis lysozyme protein in vitro using the pET expression system. Compared with the negative control, over-expressed G. orientalis lysozyme showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis by radial diffusion assay, with MIC values of 30.3 μM and 7.55 μM respectively. These results indicate that G. orientalis lysozyme may have stronger antimicrobial activity than other lysozymes against a broad range of microorganisms.
Lee, Hye Won,Choi, Jiae,Lee, YoungJoo,Kil, Ki-Jung,Lee, Myeong Soo Wolters Kluwer Health 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.38
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background:</B></P><P>The aim of this systematic review was to update, complete, and critically evaluate the evidence from placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of ginseng for managing menopausal women's health.</P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>We searched the literature using 13 databases (MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, 6 Korean Medical, and 3 Chinese Databases) from their inception to July 2016 and included all double-blind RCTs that compared any type of ginseng with a placebo control in postmenopausal women. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using a Cochrane risk of bias tool.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>Ten RCTs met our inclusion criteria. Most RCTs had unclear risk of bias. One RCT did not show a significant difference in hot flash frequency between Korean red ginseng (KRG) and placebo. The second RCT reported positive effects of KRG on menopausal symptoms. The third RCT found beneficial effects of ginseng (Ginsena) on depression, well-being, and general health. Four RCTs failed to show significant differences in various hormones between KRG and placebo controls except dehydroepiandrosterone. Two other RCTs failed to show effects of KRG on endometrial thickness in menopausal women. The other RCT also failed to show the effects of American ginseng on oxidative stress markers and other antioxidant enzymes.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Our systematic review provided positive evidence of ginseng for sexual function and KRG for sexual arousal and total hot flashes score in menopausal women. However, the results of KRG or ginseng failed to show specific effects on hot flash frequency, hormones, biomarkers, or endometrial thickness. The level of evidence for these findings was low because of unclear risk of bias.</P>
Lee, Myoungjin,Kim, Heejin,Seo, Jiae,Kang, Minji,Kang, Sunah,Jang, Joomyung,Lee, Yan,Seo, Ji-Hun Elsevier BV * North-Holland 2018 Applied Surface Science Vol.427 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we conducted surface zwitterionization of hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces by immersing them in the zwitterionic polymer solutions to provide anti-bacterial properties to the HA surface. Three different monomers containing various zwitterionic groups, i.e., phosphorylcholine (PC), sulfobetaine (SB), and carboxybetaine (CB), were copolymerized with the methacrylic monomer containing a Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-binding moiety, using the free radical polymerization method. As a control, functionalization of the copolymer containing the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-binding moiety was synthesized using a hydroxy group. The stable immobilization of the zwitterionic functional groups was confirmed by water contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement conducted after the sonication process. The zwitterionized HA surface showed significantly decreased protein adsorption, whereas the hydroxyl group-coated HA surface showed limited efficacy. The anti-bacterial adhesion property was confirmed by conducting <I>Streptococcus mutans</I> (<I>S. mutans</I>) adhesion tests for 6h and 24h. When furanone C-30, a representative anti-quorum sensing molecule for <I>S. mutans</I>, was used, only a small amount of bacteria adhered after 6h and the population did not increase after 24h. In contrast, zwitterionized HA surfaces showed almost no bacterial adhesion after 6h and the effect was retained for 24h, resulting in the lowest level of oral bacterial adhesion. These results confirm that surface zwitterionization is a promising method to effectively prevent oral bacterial adhesion on HA-based materials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated with the three types of zwitterionic copolymers (1.0wt%) containing Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>-binding moiety. </LI> <LI> The zwitterionized HA surfaces inhibited protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. </LI> <LI> The anti-bacterial effect of surface zwitterionization was even better than anti-quorum sensing molecules. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Lee, Jiae,Kim, Jaeyun,Nguyen, Thanh Luan,Kim, Miso,Park, Juhyung,Lee, Yeran,Hwang, Sungu,Kwon, Young-Wan,Kwak, Jeonghun,Woo, Han Young American Chemical Society 2018 Macromolecules Vol.51 No.9
<P>A semicrystalline p-type thermoelectric conjugated polymer based on a polymer backbone of cyclopentadithiophene and benzothiadiazole, poly[(4,4′-(bis(hexyldecylsulfanyl)methylene)cyclopenta[2,1-<I>b</I>:3,4-<I>b</I>′]dithiophene)-<I>alt</I>-(benzo[<I>c</I>][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PCPDTSBT), is designed and synthesized by replacing normal alkyl side-chains with bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene substituents. The sp<SUP>2</SUP>-hybridized olefinic bis(alkylsulfanyl)methylene side-chains and the sulfur-sulfur (S-S) chalcogen interactions extend a chain planarity with strong interchain packing, which is confirmed by density functional calculations and morphological studies, i.e., grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurement. The doping, electrical, morphological, and thermoelectric characteristics of PCPDTSBT are investigated by comparison with those of poly[(4,4′-bis(2-ethylhexyl)cyclopenta[2,1-<I>b</I>:3,4-<I>b</I>′]dithiophene)-<I>alt</I>-(benzo[<I>c</I>][1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) with ethylhexyl side-chains. Upon doping with a Lewis acid, B(C<SUB>6</SUB>F<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>, the maximum electrical conductivity (7.47 S cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) of PCPDTSBT is ∼1 order higher than that (0.65 S cm<SUP>-1</SUP>) of PCPDTBT, and the best power factor is measured to be 7.73 μW m<SUP>-1</SUP> K<SUP>-2</SUP> for PCPDTSBT with doping 9 mol % of B(C<SUB>6</SUB>F<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB>. The Seebeck coefficient-electrical conductivity relation is analyzed by using a charge transport model for polymers, suggesting that the doped PCPDTSBT film has superb charge transport property based on a high crystallinity with olefinic side-chains. This study emphasizes the importance of side-chain engineering by using the sp<SUP>2</SUP>-hybridized olefinic substituents to modulate interchain packing, crystalline morphology, and the resulting electrical properties.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Autophagy 매개체인 LC3로 인한 Aβ 신경 독성의 증가
이승아;이현정;김도희;김옥현 박지애;김대진;정윤희;김경용;김성수;이원복 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 2012 中央醫大誌 Vol.37 No.1/2
Autophagy is a highly regulated cellular mechanism that results in the bulk degradation process and which seems to be implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Also, it has been suggested that the large part of autophagy is mediated by Light Chains 3 (LC3). Despite research suggesting an association between AD and autophagy, many issues remain to be addressed. To determine the relevance between autophagy and AD, we evaluated amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity either in SH-SY5Y cells transfected with only EGFP or the cells exogeneously transfected with EGFP-LC3, mediating autophagy easily by overexpressed LC3. Without treatment of Aβ, the cell viabilities were quietly similar in both kinds of cells. The cell viability was decreased significantly in LC3 overexpressed cells. Consistently, more increased oxidative stress was detected in LC3 overexpressed cells. These results suggest that autophagy enhanced Aβ toxicity by way of increasing oxidative stress at least in part. This study will be of help to understand the role of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
Gender differences in the trajectories and the risk factors of depressive symptoms in later life
Lee, Jiae,Jang, Soong-Nang,Cho, Sung-Il Cambridge University Press 2017 INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS - Vol.29 No.9
<B>ABSTRACT</B><B>Background:</B><P>The present study investigated changes in the trajectories of depressive symptoms in the elderly and attempted to identify risk factors that influence these changes according to gender.</P><B>Methods:</B><P>All data were obtained from a subsample of subjects who participated in the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing between 2006 and 2012; 3,667 individuals (1,566 men and 2,101 women) aged 60 years and older were included in the present study. A group-based trajectory model was employed to determine the appropriate number of groups and to observe changes in depressive symptoms according to research year. Following the trajectory analysis, a multinomial regression analysis was performed to examine depressive symptom-related risk factors that influenced membership in the different trajectory groups.</P><B>Results:</B><P>Significant gender differences were found in the trajectories of depressive symptoms among four groups (normal, mild depressed, worsening, and depressed) in men and five groups (normal, mild depressed, worsening, improving, and depressed) in women. Among the trajectory groups, physical health status such as chronic diseases, self-rated health (SRH), and somatic pain showed statistically significant differences in both genders. In addition, employment in men and social participation in women were associated with the trajectories.</P><B>Conclusions:</B><P>The present study suggested that maintaining one's physical health status played an important role in preventing depressive symptoms and that employment in men and social participation in women were preventative against the development of depressive symptoms.</P>