Human Papillomavirus Burden in Different Cancers in Iran: a Systematic Assessment

Jalilvand, Somayeh,Shoja, Zabihollah,Hamkar, Rasool Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are undoubtedly involved in genesis of human malignancies. HPV plays an etiological role in cervical cancer, but also in many vaginal, vulvar, anal and penile cancers, as well as head and neck cancers. In addition, a number of non-malignant diseases such as genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis are attributable to HPV. Moreover, HPV forms have detected in several other cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, lung, prostate, ovarian, breast, skin, colorectal and urinary tract cancers, but associations with etiology in these cases is controversial. The aim of this systematic assessment was to estimate the prevalence of HPV infection and HPV types in HPV-associated cancers, HPV-related non-malignant diseases and in cancers that may be associated with HPV in Iran. The present investiagtion covered 61 studies on a variety of cancers in Iranian populations. HPV prevalence was 77.5 % and 32.4% in cervical cancer and head and neck cancers, respectively. HPV was detected in 23.1%, 22.2%, 10.4%, 30.9%, 14% and 25.2% of esophageal squamous cell, lung, prostate, urinary tract cancers, breast and skin cancers, respectively. HPV16 and 18 were the most frequent HPV types in all cancers. The findings of present study imply that current HPV vaccines for cervical cancer may decrease the burden of other cancers if they are really related to HPV.

Auditory Recognition of Digit-in-Noise under Unaided and Aided Conditions in Moderate and Severe Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Aghasoleimani Mina,Jalilvand Hamid,Mahdavi Mohammad Ebrahim,Ahmadi Roghayeh 대한청각학회 2021 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.25 No.2

Background and Objectives: The speech-in-noise test is typically performed using an audiometer. The results of the digit-in-noise recognition (DIN) test may be influenced by the flat frequency response of free-field audiometry and frequency of the hearing aid fit based on fitting rationale. This study aims to investigate the DIN test in unaided and aided conditions. Subjects and Methods: Thirty four adults with moderate and severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) participated in the study. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for 50% of the DIN test was obtained in the following two conditions: 1) the unaided condition, performed using an audiometer in a free field; and 2) aided condition, performed using a hearing aid with an unvented individual earmold that was fitted based on NAL-NL2.Results: There was a statistically significant elevation in the mean SNR for the severe SNHL group in both test conditions when compared with that of the moderate SNHL group. In both groups, the SNR for the aided condition was significantly lower than that of the unaided condition.Conclusions: Speech recognition in hearing-impaired patients can be realized by fitting hearing aids based on evidence-based fitting rationale rather than by measuring it using free-field audiometry measurement that is utilized in a routine clinic setup.

PSSs and SVC Damping Controllers Design to Mitigate Low Frequency Oscillations Problem in a Multi-machine Power System

Darabian, Mohsen,Jalilvand, Abolfazl The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.6

This paper deals with the design of multi-machine power system stabilizers (PSSs) and Static var compensator (SVC) using Modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm (MSFLA). The effectiveness of the proposed scheme for optimal setting of the PSSs and SVC controllers has been attended. The PSSs and SVC controllers designing is converted to an optimization problem in which the speed deviations between generators are involved. In order to compare the capability of PSS and SVC, they are designed independently once, and in a coordinated mode once again. The proposed method is applied on a multi-machine power system under different operating conditions and disturbances to confirm the effectiveness of it. The results of tuned PSS controller based on MSFLA (MSFLAPSS) and tuned SVC controller based on MSFLA (MSFLA SVC) are compared with the Strength pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based optimized PSS and SVC through some performance to reveal its strong performance.

PSSs and SVC Damping Controllers Design to Mitigate Low Frequency Oscillations Problem in a Multi-machine Power System

Mohsen Darabian,Abolfazl Jalilvand 대한전기학회 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.6

This paper deals with the design of multi-machine power system stabilizers (PSSs) and Static var compensator (SVC) using Modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm (MSFLA). The effectiveness of the proposed scheme for optimal setting of the PSSs and SVC controllers has been attended. The PSSs and SVC controllers designing is converted to an optimization problem in which the speed deviations between generators are involved. In order to compare the capability of PSS and SVC, they are designed independently once, and in a coordinated mode once again. The proposed method is applied on a multi-machine power system under different operating conditions and disturbances to confirm the effectiveness of it. The results of tuned PSS controller based on MSFLA (MSFLAPSS) and tuned SVC controller based on MSFLA (MSFLA SVC) are compared with the Strength pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based optimized PSS and SVC through some performance to reveal its strong performance.

The Acceptable Noise Level Benefit From Directionality for Listeners With Severe Hearing Loss

Mina Aghsoleimani,Hamid Jalilvand,Mohammad Ebrahim Mahdavi,Ahmad Reza Nazeri,Mohammad Kamali 대한이비인후과학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.11 No.3

Objectives. Directional microphone technology can enhance the speech intelligibility and listening comfort of listeners with hearing impairment. The main aim of this study is to investigate and compare the benefit derived by listeners with severe hearing loss from directional microphone technology with that derived by listeners with moderate hearing loss. Methods. The acceptable noise levels (ANLs) of two groups of listeners with moderate or severe hearing impairment (17 subjects in each group) were measured under unaided, omnidirectional-baseline-aided, and directional-aided conditions. Results. Although the absolute ANL of the listeners in the severe hearing loss group was significantly higher than that of the listeners in the moderate hearing loss group, their derived benefit was equivalent to that derived by the listeners in the moderate hearing loss group. ANL and hearing loss degree were significantly related. Specifically, the ANL increased with the severity of hearing loss. Conclusion. Directional microphone technology can provide the benefits of listening comfort to listeners with severe hearing loss.

The Effects of Hearing Aid Digital Noise Reduction and Directionality on Acceptable Noise Level

Roghayeh Ahmadi,Hamid Jalilvand,Mohammad Ebrahim Mahdavi,Fatemeh Ahmadi,Ali Reza Akbarzade Baghban 대한이비인후과학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.11 No.4

Objectives. Two main digital signal processing technologies inside the modern hearing aid to provide the best conditions for hearing aid users are directionality (DIR) and digital noise reduction (DNR) algorithms. There are various possible settings for these algorithms. The present study evaluates the effects of various DIR and DNR conditions (both separately and in combination) on listening comfort among hearing aid users. Methods. In 18 participants who received hearing aid fitting services from the Rehabilitation School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences regularly, we applied acceptable noise level (ANL) as our subjective measure of listening comfort. We evaluated both of these under six different hearing aid conditions: omnidirectional-baseline, omnidirectional-broadband DNR, omnidirectional-multichannel DNR, directional, directional-broadband DNR, and directional-multichannel DNR. Results. The ANL results ranged from −3 dB to 14 dB in all conditions. The results show, among all conditions, both the omnidirectional-baseline condition and the omnidirectional-broadband DNR condition are the worst conditions for listening in noise. The DIR always reduces the amount of noise that patients received during testing. The DNR algorithm does not improve listening in noise significantly when compared with the DIR algorithms. Although both DNR and DIR algorithms yielded a lower ANL, the DIR algorithm was more effective than the DNR. Conclusion. The DIR and DNR technologies provide listening comfort in the presence of noise. Thus, user benefit depends on how the digital signal processing settings inside the hearing aid are adjusted.

No Detection of 'High-risk' Human Papillomaviruses in a Group of Iranian Women with Breast Cancer

Ahangar-Oskouee, Mahin,Shahmahmoodi, Shohreh,Jalilvand, Somayeh,Mahmoodi, Mahmood,Ziaee, Abed Ali,Esmaeili, Heidar-Ali,Keshtvarz, Maryam,Pishraft-Sabet, Leila,Yousefi, Maryam,Mollaei-Kandelous, Yaghoo Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.9

The presence of viral DNA in breast cancer cells is controversial. However, some studies have revealed a possible role for the human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of HPV-DNA in breast tissue in a group of Iranian women with and without breast cancer and identification of the detected HPV types. Paraffin-embedded specimens from 65 malignant breast cancer cases and 65 cases with benign breast lesions were investigated for presence of HPV-DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction. We found HPV-DNA in 22 (33.8%) of the breast cancer specimens. All non-cancerous specimens were negative. Low and high-risk HPV types, including HPV-6 (26.2%), HPV-16 (1.5%), HPV-35 (1.5%), HPV-52 (1.5%), and HPV-11 (1.5%) were detected in our study. HPV-6 was the most prevalent type in the breast cancer specimens. Although high-risk HPV types have been shown to have a major role in cervix cancer, there have been no data that support the same relevance for other types of malignancies. Furthermore, presence of low-risk HPV types in malignancies still is a matter of debate. The data presented in this study indicates a strong need for epidemiological studies correlating different HPV types in human breast cancer.

Hydrogenation effects on the thermal and magnetic properties of mono- and bilayer graphene

Sohrabi Sani Shahdokht,Mousavi Hamze,Jalilvand Samira,Asshabi Moein 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.5

In the present study, the nearest-neighbor tight-binding model has been employed to calculate the density of states (DOS), electronic heat capacity (EHC), and Pauli magnetic susceptibility (PMS) of hydrogenated systems, namely monolayer graphone and graphane, bilayer graphone–graphene, and bilayer graphane–graphene. Then, the results have been compared with that of monolayer and simple bilayer graphene. It was found that the behaviors of hydrogenated systems difer from those of monolayer and bilayer graphene near the Fermi Level. Also, monolayer graphone and bilayer graphone–graphene exhibit a high peak near the Fermi level. Graphane monolayer, on the other hand, has no states around the Fermi level. Furthermore, bilayer graphane–graphone, similar to graphene, is a semimetal. Also, Schottky anomaly peaks in the EHC curves and crossovers in the PMS curves can be observed, which have divided the domain into two regions of low and high temperature. Compared to hydrogenated systems, the Schottky anomaly in graphene monolayer and bilayer graphene occurred at lower temperatures, while the PMS of monolayer graphone and bilayer graphone–graphene were faster than other systems in reaching the crossover. From the theoretical standpoint, these phenomena are due to the proportional relation of the PMS and EHC with the DOS.

Prevalence of Abnormal Papanicolaou Test Results and Related Factors among Women Living in Zanjan, Iran

Maleki, Azam,Ahmadnia, Elahe,Avazeh, Azar,Mazloomzadeh, Saeideh,Molaei, Behnaz,Jalilvand, Ahmad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Background: Currently, a comprehensive program for screening and early detection of cervical cancer does not exist in Iran. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears and some related factors among women living in Zanjan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 in Zanjan on 4274 married women aged 20-65 years. The study participants were selected through two-stage cluster sampling. After obtaining written consent, demographic and fertility questionnaires were completed. Samples from cervix were obtained through a standard method using the Rover Cervex- Brush. Evaluation and interpretation of the samples were reported using the Bethesda 2001 method. Data were statistically analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression models. Results: Most inflammatory changes in the samples were mild (37.4%). Abnormal atypical changes in the epithelial cells were found in 4.04%. The highest percentage of abnormal changes in the epithelial cells was atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (1.9%). Abnormal results of Pap smear was significantly and independently associated with age, papillomavirus infection, and lack of awareness about Pap smear tests. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of inflammatory and precancerous changes in this study, compared to other studies in Iran and other Muslim countries, and the effect of demographic variables and individual factors on abnormal results, increasing the awareness of women and their families regarding the risk factors for cervical cancer, preventive measures such as screening, and timely treatment seem necessary.