Improved Broiler Chick Performance by Dietary Supplementation of Organic Zinc Sources

Jahanian, Rahman,Moghaddam, Hasan Nassiri,Rezaei, Abbas Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.9

Two inorganic (zinc sulfate and zinc oxide) and three organic (zinc acetate, zinc-methionine, and zinc-lysine) zinc sources were evaluated for their effects on the performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. The birds were randomly assigned to one control (non-supplemented) and 15 treatment (supplemented) groups consisting of four replicates of 10 chicks each in a $5{\times}3$ factorial arrangement of treatments (five zinc sources and three supplemental zinc levels). Birds were kept in floor pens in a temperature-controlled room from 1 to 42 d of age and fed a non-supplemented basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 40, 80 or 120 mg/kg of Zn as mentioned sources. Dietary zinc source had considerable effect on feed intake in all experimental periods. Increasing Zn level from 80 to 120 mg/kg decreased the average feed intake in the growth stage (p<0.01) and also in the entire experimental period (p<0.001). Similarly, the average daily gain during the entire trial period was affected by the type of Zn source (p<0.001) and supplemental level (p<0.01). One degree of freedom contrast comparisons showed that the inclusion of organic zinc sources into the diets caused significant increases in feed intake and body gain when compared with inorganic counterparts. Except in wk 1, dietary supplementation with organic sources improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio; FCR values were not affected by dietary Zn source or supplementation level. Breast meat yield increased with supplemental levels of organic Zn sources; however, other carcass parameters were not affected by dietary Zn source. On the other hand, organic versus inorganic zinc supplementation caused a significant increase in liver, breast and carcass weight percentages. The present findings suggest that supplemental levels of organic Zn compounds had beneficial effects on broiler performance, and Zn requirements can be reduced using these feed supplements in poultry rations.

Effects of Maternal Factors on Day-old Chick Body Weight and Its Relationship with Weight at Six Weeks of Age in a Commercial Broiler Line

Jahanian, Rahman,Goudarzi, Farshad Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.3

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal factors on body weight at hatching (day-old) and at six weeks of age in a commercial broiler line. A total of 6,765 records on body weight at day-old (BWTDO) and 115,421 records on body weight at six weeks of age (BWT6W), originated from a commercial broiler line during 14 generations, were used to estimate genetic parameters related to the effects of maternal traits on body weight of chicks immediately after hatch or six weeks thereafter. The data were analyzed using restricted maximum likelihood procedure (REML) and an animal model with DFREML software. Direct heritability ($h^{2}{_a}$), maternal heritability ($h^{2}{_m}$), and maternal environmental variance as the proportions of phenotypic variance ($c^{2}$) for body weight at day-old were estimated to be 0.050, 0.351, and 0.173, respectively. The respective estimated values for body weight at six weeks of age were 0.340, 0.022, and 0.030. The correlation coefficient between direct and maternal genetic effects for six-week-old body weight was found to be -0.335. Covariance components and genetic correlations were estimated using a bivariate analysis based on the best model determined by a univariate analysis. Between weights at hatching and at six week-old, the values of -0.07, 0.53 and 0.47 were found for the direct additive genetic variance, maternal additive genetic variance and permanent maternal environmental variance, respectively. The estimated correlation between direct additive genetic effect influencing weight at hatch and direct additive maternal effect affecting weight at six weeks of age was -0.21, whereas the correlation value of 0.15 was estimated between direct additive maternal effect influencing weight at hatch and direct additive genetic effect affecting weight at six-week-old. From the present findings, it can be concluded that the maternal additive genetic effect observed for weight at six weeks of age might be a factor transferred from genes influencing weight at hatch to weight at six-week-old.

A Comparative Study of Capability Poverty Status In Iranian Hotel and Hospital Service Sectors

Manouchehr Jahanian,Mohammad Hossein,Imani Khoshkhou,Ebtehal zandi 세계문화관광학회 2011 Conference Proceedings Vol.12 No.-

Capability poverty which assesses individuals' privileges was first introduced by Amarty a Sen in mid 1980s. This approach focuses mainly on developing human potentials and acquiring the ability to lead an honorable life. Therefore having access to proper nutrition and housing as well as health and education services being involved in decision making and maintaining dignity have been highlighted in capability poverty approach. In this approach poverty doesn't mean having no income however it is defined as being deprived of individual and social capabilities the solution of which lies in developing such human competence. Consequently the followers of this approach evaluate poverty using human and social indices. This Article aims to compare various aspects of human development among employees of hotel and hospital sectors of Tehran in o rder to investigate capability poverty status and propose suggestions to improve the different aspects of human development and consequently reduce capability poverty. To this end Inglehart et al.'s perspectives on human development aspects and indices have been used as the theoretical basis of the study. To conduct this survey questionnaires have been given out among 200 employees of similar service sectors of hotels and hospitals who have been chose via multi-stage sampling method in 2010.The findings of this study demonstrate that employees of hotels service sectors gained a higher score in the studied aspects of human development _indicating capability poverty status comparing to those who work in the similar service sectors of hospitals and benefited from a better position concerning capability poverty.

Immunological Responses of Broiler Chicks Can Be Modulated by Dietary Supplementation of Zinc-methionine in Place of Inorganic Zinc Sources

Moghaddam, Hasan Nassiri,Jahanian, Rahman Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.3

Male broiler chicks were fed graded levels of organic zinc (zinc-methionine) supplementation to investigate the effects of partial or complete substitution of the organic zinc source for inorganic ones on the development of lymphoid organs and immunological responses. A total of 450 day-old male broilers were distributed into groups of 10 chicks and randomly assigned to nine experimental diets during a 42-day feeding trial. Dietary treatments consisted of two basal diets supplemented with 40 mg/kg added zinc as feed-grade Zn sulfate or Zn oxide in which, Zn was replaced with that provided from zinc-methionine (ZnMet) complex at the levels of 25, 50, 75 or 100%. Two randomly-selected birds from each pen replicate were bled and then slaughtered by cervical cutting on the final day of the trial to measure leukocyte subpopulations and relative weights of lymphoid organs. Among lymphoid organs, only thymus weight was affected (p<0.05) by dietary treatments. The sulfate-supplemented birds were heavier (p<0.01) in relative weight of thymus than oxide-supplemented birds. The 10 days of age-assessed cutaneous hypersensivity reaction was stronger in chicks fed ZnMet-containing diets. Dietary ZnMet supplementation caused (p<0.05) an increase in proportion of lymphocytes and consequently a decrease in heterophil to lymphocyte ratio. Diet fortification by zinc-methionine complex increased (p<0.01) Newcastle antibody titer at 19 days of age. Also, a similar response was observed in antibody titers at 6 and 12 d after infectious bronchitis vaccine administration. There was no significant effect of replacement of dietary zinc on antibody titer against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at the 6th d post-vaccine inoculation; however, at d 12 after vaccination, ZnMet-fortified diets improved antibody titer against IBDV. Although dietary inclusion of ZnMet had no marked effect on primary antibody titer against sheep erythrocytes, effective responses were observed during secondary reaction from the viewpoint of both total antibody and immunoglobulin Y (IgY) titers. From the present findings, it can be concluded that dietary supplementation with organic zinc improves both cellular and humoral immune responses. It is necessary to replace 75% of supplemental inorganic zinc with organic ZnMet complex to achieve the optimum immunological responses in broiler chicks.

Behaviour of Steel Deep Beams in Moment Frames with Web Opening Subjected to Lateral Loading

Masoud Hoseinzadeh Asl,Maryam Jahanian 한국강구조학회 2020 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.20 No.5

Due to the sharp change of the lateral load moment diagram in deep beams, the commonly proposed rigid connections may be incapable of proper transferring the plastic region away from the connection face into the beam. That is why prequalifi ed connections of steel moment frames, proposed by diff erent design codes, impose geometrical limitations on the beam spanto- depth ratio, which limits the application of the prequalifi ed connections for short deep beams. The aim of this paper is to suggest details on leading the plastic area away from the column face by making a rectangular web opening at the mid-span of the deep beam. In order to stabilize the weakened area, stiff eners are used around the opening. 52 fi nite element models of deep beams with diff erent geometries of the web openings are investigated. The results show that the use of deep beams with web opening located at mid-span in a steel moment frame is an effi cient method to relocate the plastic hinge away from the connections, resulting in increased ductility. A parametric study is carried out on the eff ect of stiff eners dimensions, web thickness, and corner radius of web opening on behavior of deep beams in moment frames. A step-by-step design algorithm is also propounded for detailing of the web opening and the stiff ener size.

Analytical design of multi-threshold and high fan-in DNA-based logical sensors to profi le the pattern of MS microRNAs

Mercedeh Sanjabi,Ali Jahanian 대한의용생체공학회 2021 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.11 No.2

Early detection of diseases is very important to increase the life quality and reduce the treatment cost for the patient. MicroRNAshave been introduced in recent years as an effi cient class of biomarkers for detecting the risky situation of many diseasessuch as cancers, Multiple sclerosis (MS), and heart attacks, and other diseases. Now, real-time PCR has been used to profi lethe microRNA expression, which is expensive, time-consuming, and has low accuracy. Most recently, DNA logic gates areused to detect the MicroRNA expression level that is more accurate and faster than previous methods. In this paper, weimproved the design of multi-threshold and multi-input DNA-based logic gates in response to specifi c microRNA (miRNA)inputs. The proposed design style can simultaneously recognize multiple miRNAs with diff erent rising and falling thresholds. The proposed structure in this paper is used to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis (MS) as a case study. We simulated this systemto understand its performance and compare it with other existing methods. The simulation results show the effi ciency ofthe proposed method in terms of accuracy, effi ciency, and speed. In this analysis, unwanted reactions, fault positive, and theprobability of generating the fi nal output using the formal method are investigated in depth. Finally, the proposed solutionsare improved based on the results of these analyses. The analytic approach of this paper helps to design the DNA-basedlogic gates for real diseases.