Optimal planning and design of hybrid renewable energy systems for microgrids

Jung, Jaesung,Villaran, Michael Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.75 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents a technique for the optimal planning and design of hybrid renewable energy systems for microgrid applications. The Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM) is used to determine the optimal size and type of distributed energy resources (DERs) and their operating schedules for a sample utility distribution system. Using the DER-CAM results, an evaluation is performed to evaluate the electrical performance of the distribution circuit if the DERs selected by the DER-CAM optimization analyses are incorporated. Results of analyses regarding the economic benefits of utilizing the optimal locations for the selected DER within the system are also presented. The electrical network of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) campus is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. The results show that these technical and economic analyses of hybrid renewable energy systems are essential for the efficient utilization of renewable energy resources for microgrid applications.</P>

Characterization of Hagfish (<i>Eptatretus burgeri</i>) Variable Lymphocyte Receptor–Based Antibody and Its Potential Role in the Neutralization of Nervous Necrosis Virus

Jung, Jae Wook,Lee, Jung Seok,Kim, Jaesung,Im, Se Pyeong,Kim, Si Won,Lazarte, Jassy Mary S.,Kim, Young Rim,Chun, Jin Hong,Ha, Min Woo,Kim, Hyeong Su,Thompson, Kim D.,Jung, Tae Sung American Association of Immunologists 2020 Journal of Immunology Vol.204 No.3

<P><B>Key Points</B></P><P><OL><LI>NNV-specific VLRBs were developed using a library screening system.</LI><LI>The binding ability of this Ab was enhanced through modular engineering.</LI><LI>VLRB could be an alternative neutralizing Ab against Betanodavirus infection.</LI></OL></P><P>The variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) mediates the humoral immune response in jawless vertebrates, including lamprey (<I>Petromyzon marinus</I>) and hagfish (<I>Eptatretus burgeri</I>). Hagfish VLRBs are composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules, conjugated with a superhydrophobic C-terminal tail, which contributes to low levels of expression in recombinant protein technology. In this study, we screened Ag-specific VLRBs from hagfish immunized with nervous necrosis virus (NNV). The artificially multimerized form of VLRB was constructed using a mammalian expression system. To enhance the level of expression of the Ag-specific VLRB, mutagenesis of the VLRB was achieved in vitro through domain swapping of the LRR C-terminal cap and variable LRR module. The mutant VLRB obtained, with high expression and secretion levels, was able to specifically recognize purified and progeny NNV, and the Ag binding ability of this mutant was increased by at least 250-fold to that of the nonmutant VLRB. Furthermore, preincubation of the Ag-specific VLRB with NNV reduced the infectivity of NNV in E11 cells in vitro, and in vivo experiment. Our results suggest that the newly developed Ag-specific VLRB has the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents for NNV infections in fish.</P>

Development of a monoclonal antibody against the CD3ε of olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>) and its application in evaluating immune response related to CD3ε

Jung, Jae Wook,Lee, Jung Seok,Kim, Young Rim,Im, Se Pyeong,Kim, Si Won,Lazarte, Jassy Mary S.,Kim, Jaesung,Thompson, Kim D.,Suh, Jong Pyo,Jung, Tae Sung Elsevier 2017 Fish & shellfish immunology Vol.65 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The T cell receptor (TCR) is the binding site of antigen and is responsible for specifically activating the adaptive immune response. CD3, an essential component of the CD3-TCR complex, is known to be composed of γδ and ε chains in teleost. However, there are few monoclonal antibodies (mAb) available to identify these molecules on T cells, so we aimed to produce a mAb against CD3ε to improve our understanding of T cell immune response in olive flounder (<I>Paralichthys olivaceus)</I>. CD3ε recombinant protein was expressed in yeast, the expression of which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE, MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and Western blot analysis. A CD3ε-specific mAb 4B2 was selected, the specificity of which was examined by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and RT-PCR, and the mAb was subsequently used to examine the CD3ε lymphocyte population in several different immune organs, with relatively high percentages of these cells seen in trunk-kidney and spleen, while lower percentages were seen in the liver and peripheral blood of olive flounder. During a viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection in olive flounder, the number of CD3ε lymphocytes was seen to gradually increase in the liver, spleen and trunk-kidney of infected fish until 7 days post infection (dpi). In peripheral blood, on the other hand, the increase in CD3ε lymphocyte numbers peaked by 3 dpi. These results suggest that CD3ε lymphocytes might be involved in the immune response against VHSV.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Recombinant CD3ε was produced using yeast expression system. </LI> <LI> Monoclonal antibody 4B2 specifically detects the CD3ε lymphocyte in olive flounder. </LI> <LI> CD3ε lymphocytes might be involved in immune response related to VHSV. </LI> </UL> </P>

Phosphoacceptors Threonine 162 and Serines 170 and 178 within the Carboxyl-Terminal RRRS/T Motif of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein Make Multiple Contributions to Hepatitis B Virus Replication

Jung, Jaesung,Hwang, Seong Gyu,Chwae, Yong-Joon,Park, Sun,Shin, Ho-Joon,Kim, Kyongmin American Society for Microbiology 2014 Journal of virology Vol.88 No.16

<P>Phosphorylation of serines 157, 164, and 172 within the carboxyl-terminal SPRRR motif of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) core (C) protein modulates HBV replication at multiple stages. Threonine 162 and serines 170 and 178, located within the carboxyl-terminal conserved RRRS/T motif of HBV C protein, have been proposed to be protein kinase A phosphorylation sites. However, <I>in vivo</I> phosphorylation of these residues has never been observed, and their contribution to HBV replication remains unknown. In this study, [<SUP>32</SUP>P]orthophosphate labeling of cells expressing C proteins followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-HBc antibody revealed that threonine 162 and serines 170 and 178 are phosphoacceptor residues. A triple-alanine-substituted mutant, mimicking dephosphorylation of all three residues, drastically decreased pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) encapsidation, thereby decreasing HBV DNA synthesis. In contrast, a triple-glutamate-substituted mutant, mimicking phosphorylation of these residues, decreased DNA synthesis without significantly decreasing encapsidation. Neither triple mutant affected C protein expression or core particle assembly. Individual alanine substitution of threonine 162 significantly decreased minus-strand, plus-strand, and relaxed-circular DNA synthesis, demonstrating that this residue plays multiple roles in HBV DNA synthesis. Double-alanine substitution of serines 170 and 178 reduced HBV replication at multiple stages, indicating that these residues also contribute to HBV replication. Thus, in addition to serines 157, 164, and 172, threonine 162 and serines 170 and 178 of HBV C protein are also phosphorylated in cells, and phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of these residues play multiple roles in modulation of HBV replication.</P><P><B>IMPORTANCE</B> Threonine 162, within the carboxyl-terminal end of the hepatitis B virus (HBV adw) core (C) protein, has long been ignored as a phosphoacceptor, even though it is highly conserved among mammalian hepadnaviruses and in the overlapping consensus RxxS/T, RRxS/T, and TP motifs. Here we show, for the first time, that in addition to the well-known phosphoacceptor serines 157, 164, and 172 in SPRRR motifs, threonine 162 and serines 170 and 178 in the RRRS/T motif are phosphorylated in cells. We also show that, like serines 157, 164, and 172, phosphorylated and dephosphorylated threonine 162 and serines 170 and 178 contribute to multiple steps of HBV replication, including pgRNA encapsidation, minus-strand and plus-strand DNA synthesis, and relaxed-circular DNA synthesis. Of these residues, threonine 162 is the most important. Furthermore, we show that phosphorylation of C protein is required for efficient completion of HBV replication.</P>

Dual functionality of lamprey VLRB C-terminus (LC) for multimerization and cell surface display

Lee, Jung Seok,Kim, Jaesung,Im, Se Pyeong,Kim, Si Won,Jung, Jae Wook,Lazarte, Jassy Mary S.,Lee, Jeong Ho,Thompson, Kim D.,Jung, Tae Sung Elsevier 2018 Molecular immunology Vol.104 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Lamprey, one of the living representatives of jawless vertebrates, uses variable lymphocyte receptors B (VLRB) for antigen recognition, rather than immunoglobulin (Ig) based receptors as used by higher vertebrates. The C-terminus of lamprey VLRB (LC) possess a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) signal sequence and seven cysteine residues providing dual functionality of the VLRB antibody in the form of a humoral agglutinin and cell membrane receptors. Here, we show that the LC can be either secreted or be membrane anchored as a heterologous fused protein in a multimeric form comprising of eight or ten monomeric units. Using serially truncated LC variants, we showed that the LC, in which the last three amino acid “RKR” were deleted, referred to as LC7, was the most suitable domain for multimeric construction, whereas, the intact LC is more tailored for applications involving membrane anchorage. We show that an antibody specific for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) (VLR43), displayed on HEK-293F cells using a PiggyBac (PB) transposase system, exhibited a dose-dependent reaction with its antigen, verifying that the LC can be applied in antibody display technology. Therefore, the present report provides valuable insight into the structure of the lamprey VLRB and highlights its potential use as a novel fusion partner for multimerization and membrane anchorage of chimeric proteins.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Lamprey VLRB has dual functionality like as humoral agglutinin and membrane receptors. </LI> <LI> The LC can perform multimerization of fused protein via disulfide-linkages. </LI> <LI> The LC can mediate cell surface localization of fused proteins via GPI anchoring. </LI> <LI> The LC can be used at an antibody display system as membrane tethering domain. </LI> </UL> </P>

Expression and characterization of monomeric variable lymphocyte receptor B specific to the glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)

Lee, Jung Seok,Kim, Jaesung,Im, Se Pyeong,Kim, Si Won,Jung, Jae Wook,Lazarte, Jassy Mary S.,Lee, Jeong-Ho,Thompson, Kim D.,Jung, Tae Sung Elsevier 2018 Journal of immunological methods Vol.462 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Monomeric variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) is one of the smallest binding scaffold (20–25 kDa) from jawless vertebrates, hagfish and lamprey. This relatively new class of binding scaffold has various advantages: i) it has a single peptide composition, amenable to molecular engineering for enhancing its stability and affinity; ii) it has a small size, contributing better tissue penetration and easier production using microorganism expression system. Monomeric arVLRB142, which can specifically bind to the glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), was expressed in <I>Pichia pastoris</I>. High quantity recombinant monomeric arVLRB142 (rVLR142<SUP>mono</SUP>) was purified from 100 ml of culture with a resulting yield of 2.6 ±1.3 mg of target protein. Functional studies revealed that the purified rVLR142<SUP>mono</SUP> can specifically recognize low levels of the target antigen (recombinant glycoprotein) (i.e. as low as 0.1 nM), but also the native glycoprotein of VHSV. The expressed rVLR142<SUP>mono</SUP> exhibited high levels of stability and it retained it binding capacity over broad temperature (4 °C ~ 60 °C) and pH ranges (pH 1.5–12.5). We developed an effective expression system for mass production of monomeric VLRB based on <I>P. pastoris</I>. The recombinant protein that was obtained offers promising binding avidity and biophysical stability and its potential use in various biotechnological applications.</P>

AI 기반 에너지저장장치(ESS) 스케줄링 기술

정재성(Jaesung Jung) 대한전기학회 2021 전기의 세계 Vol.70 No.12

에너지저장장치(ESS)는 신재생에너지 증가 및 수요자원 확대 등으로 전력 수급 불확실성이 증가하고 있는 전력계통에 유연성을 제공할 수 있다. 그러나 현재 운영 중인 ESS는 대부분 룰(Rule) 기반 방식으로 운영되어 유연성 자원으로 활용하기에 한계가 있다. 이를 극복하기 위해 AI 기술을 활용하여 범용으로 적용 가능하며 자율 최적화가 가능한 ESS 운영 기술 개발이 필요하다. 그러므로 본 고에서는 전력수급 안정을 위한 ESS 활용방안과 이를 구현하기 위한 AI 기술을 소개하였다. Energy Storage System (ESS) can provide the flexibility to the power system by mitigating the uncertainty induced by increase of new energy resources such as renewable energy and demand response. However, there is a limit to utilize ESS as a flexible resource in current rule-based operation. To overcome this, it is necessary to develop an AI-based ESS operation technology that can be optimized by itself and utilized broadly. Thus, this article introduces the ESS application and its AI-based scheduling algorithm for a future power system.

Generation and characterization of hagfish variable lymphocyte receptor B against glycoprotein of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)

Lee, Jung Seok,Kim, Jaesung,Im, Se Pyeong,Kim, Si Won,Lazarte, Jassy Mary S.,Jung, Jae Wook,Gong, Tae Won,Kim, Young Rim,Lee, Jeong Ho,Kim, Hyoung Jun,Jung, Tae Sung Elsevier 2018 Molecular immunology Vol.99 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Variable lymphocyte receptors B (VLRBs) are non-immunoglobulin components of the humoral immune system in jawless vertebrates including hagfish (<I>Eptatretus burgeri</I>) and lamprey (<I>Petromyzon marinus</I>). Hagfish VLRBs consist of leucine rich repeat (LRR) modules with a superhydrophobic C-terminal tail, the latter of which leads to extremely low expression levels in recombinant protein technology. Here, we present an artificially oligomerized VLRB (arVLRB) that conjugates <I>via</I> the C4bp oligomerization domain derived from human C4b-binding protein (hC4bp) rather than the superhydrophobic tail. The resulting arVLRB had a tightly multimerized form with seven monomeric VLRB arms and showed high expression and secretion levels in a mammalian expression system. To isolate antigen-specific arVLRB, we constructed large VLRB libraries from hagfish immunized with the fish pathogen, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). The selected arVLRBs were found to recognize various types of antigens, including the recombinant target protein, purified viruses, and progeny viruses, with high antigen binding abilities and specificities. We also performed <I>in vitro</I> affinity maturation of the arVLRBs through LRRCT mutagenesis, and found that this enhanced their antigen-binding properties by at least 125-fold. Our epitope mapping analysis revealed that <SUP>37</SUP>DWDTPL<SUP>42</SUP>, which is located in a region conserved among the glycoproteins of all VHSV isolates, is the recognition epitope of the arVLRBs. Thus, our newly developed arVLRB could prove useful in the development of universal diagnostic tools and/or therapeutic agents for the virus. Together, our novel findings provide valuable insights into hagfish VLRB and its potential use as a novel alternative to conventional antibodies for biotechnological applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Superhydrophobic C-termini of hagfish VLRB leads to extremely low expression level. </LI> <LI> C4bp oligomerization domain mediates heptameric VLRB with high binding ability and producttivity. </LI> <LI> <I>In vitro</I> affinity maturation was efficiently carried out by LRRCT mutagenesis. </LI> <LI> Fine epitope mapping revealed <SUP>37</SUP>DWDTPL<SUP>42</SUP> is the recognition epitope of selected arVLRBs. </LI> <LI> The resulting arVLRBs can be used as diagnostic tools or therapeutic agents of VHSV. </LI> </UL> </P>

전력계통 디지털 트윈 구현을 위한 인공지능 기술

정재성(Jaesung Jung) 대한전기학회 2022 전기의 세계 Vol.71 No.3

최근 분산자원의 전력시스템 연계가 증가함에 따라 전력시스템 운영의 복잡성과 불확실성이 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 과거의 전력시스템 운용 방식으로 다수의 분산자원 정보를 반영하기에는 한계가 존재한다. 따라서, 미래 전력계통의 안정적인 운영을 위해 현실계통과 가상계통을 실시간으로 연동하여 고도화된 시뮬레이션이 가능한 디지털 트윈 기술 도입을 검토할 필요가 있다. 본 원고는 전력계통 디지털 트윈 기술 동향을 분석하여 요소 기술을 도출하고 이를 구현하기 위한 최신 인공지능 기술을 소개한다. As the penetration of distributed energy resources increases in the power system, the operation of power system is more and more complicated and uncertain. However, the conventional way to operate the power system is not able to accommodate all infromation obtained from several DERs. Therefore, for future power systems, it is necessary to apply digital twin technology that enables advanced simulation by synchronizing virtual model with the physical power system model in real-time. For this purpose, this article introduces the artificial intelligence technology to realize the power system digital twins.

DER-CAM을 이용한 신재생복합전력시스템 설계

정재성(Jaesung Jung) 대한전기학회 2016 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.7