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Nonparametric testing under crossover design for ordered categorical response
Joydeep Basu,Uttam Bandyopadhyay,Ganesh Dutta 한국통계학회 2017 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.46 No.4
This paper uses ridit introduced by Bross (1958) to develop a nonparametric procedure for testing the difference between two treatment effects with ordered categorical outcomes under two period crossover design in which subjects receive same or different treatment during the period of study. The performance of this procedure is compared numerically with that of a procedure obtained from Armitage (1955) in terms of type I error rate and power. The numerical study shows the ridit approach to tend to relatively more efficient in terms of power as the number of categories increases. The procedures are illustrated using the data from Matthews (1989) on crossover trial with two hypertensive agents.
VISIBLE LIGHT PHOTOCATALYSIS BY TAILORING CRYSTAL DEFECTS IN ZINC OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES
SUNANDAN BARUAH,RAHMAN FAIZUR RAFIQUE,JOYDEEP DUTTA 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2008 NANO Vol.3 No.5
The photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, films and nanowires as a potential visible light photocatalyst is presented in this work. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in different alcoholic solvents. Crystal defects were introduced either by doping the crystallites with manganese or by fast crystallization (using microwave irradiation during synthesis). ZnO, with a band gap of 3.37 eV, normally absorbs electromagnetic waves in the ultraviolet region, but introducing defects into its crystal lattice can shift the absorption more toward the visible light band from 400 nm to 700 nm by creating intermediate states which inhibit electron–hole recombination. The undoped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using microwaves showed comparable photocatalytic activities to the doped samples using the conventional heating method. To increase the effective surface area of the photocatalyst, ZnO nanowires were grown by a solution-based technique. Methylene blue degradation was observed to be enhanced in the presence of the ZnO nanowires compared to the ZnO nanoparticles. Intentional defect creation in photocatalysts could be an attractive possibility to apply in the visible light photocatalytic degradation studies.