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Comprehensive analysis of plant rapid alkalization factor (RALF) genes
Sharma, A.,Hussain, A.,Mun, B.G.,Imran, Q.M.,Falak, N.,Lee, S.U.,Kim, J.Y.,Hong, J.K.,Loake, G.J.,Ali, A.,Yun, B.W. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2016 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Vol. No.
<P>Receptor mediated signal carriers play a critical role in the regulation of plant defense and development. Rapid alkalization factor (RALF) proteins potentially comprise important signaling components which may have a key role in plant biology. The RALF gene family contains large number of genes in several plant species, however, only a few RALF genes have been characterized to date. In this study, an extensive database search identified 39, 43, 34 and 18 RALF genes in Arabidopsis, rice, maize and soybean, respectively. These RALF genes were found to be highly conserved across the 4 plant species. A comprehensive analysis including the chromosomal location, gene structure, subcellular location, conserved motifs, protein structure, protein-ligand interaction and promoter analysis was performed. RALF genes from four plant species were divided into 7 groups based on phylogenetic analysis. In silico expression analysis of these genes, using microarray and EST data, revealed that these genes exhibit a variety of expression patterns. Furthermore, RALF genes showed distinct expression patterns of transcript accumulation in vivo following nitrosative and oxidative stresses in Arabidopsis. Predicted interaction between RALF and heme ligand also showed that RALF proteins may contribute towards transporting or scavenging oxygen moieties. This suggests a possible role for RALF genes during changes in cellular redox status. Collectively, our data provides a valuable resource to prime future research in the role of RALF genes in plant growth and development. (C) 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.</P>
Sim, J.,Lee, H.,Song, K.,Biswas, S.,Sharma, A.,Sharma, G.,Ko, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.4 No.16
<P>Four acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) small molecules with dihydroindoloindole (DINI) as the central donor unit and different acceptor end groups such as dicyanovinylene (DCV), indenedione (IND), cyanoacrylate (CA) and rhodanine (Rho) linked through bithiophene as the p-linker, DINI-DCV, DINI-IND, DINI-CA and DINI-Rho, were designed and synthesized for the application as donor materials along with PC71BM as an acceptor for solution processed organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. The effect of acceptor end groups on the photovoltaic performance was investigated. The organic solar cells (OSCs) based on as cast DINI-IND showed the highest power conversion efficiency of 3.04%, as cast DINI-CA showed the lowest PCE of 1.63% and the other two exhibit a PCE in between them. These results showed that acceptor end groups affect the overall performance of the cells. The PCE of OSCs has been further improved up to 7.04% and 6.16% employing two-step annealing (TSA) treated DIN-IND: PC71BM (1 : 2) and DIN-CN : PC71BM (1 : 2), respectively. The enhancement in the PCE of OSCs with TSA treated active layers is attributed to the better nanophase morphology, the increase in the crystalline nature and light harvesting efficiency and more balanced charge transport and charge collection probability.</P>
Sharma, T.,Kumar, G.S.,Chon, B.H.,Sangwai, J.S. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2015 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.22 No.-
Pickering emulsion offers potential applications in several fields including oil and gas industry due to their enhanced stability. Oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions are usually stabilized by surfactant or nanoparticle or by both but show poor thermal stability which limits their use for high-temperature applications. In this work, a novel formulation of o/w emulsion stabilized using nanoparticle-surfactant-polymer system is investigated for the formulation of thermally stable Pickering emulsion. The conventional oilfield polymer polyacrylamide (PAM), surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and nanoparticles such as, SiO<SUB>2</SUB>, clay, and CuO in varying concentration are used. It is observed that the nanoparticle in the presence of surfactant and polymer synergistically interacted at the oil-water interface. The effect of temperature, pH, and salinity on the interfacial tension is investigated to understand the thermal stability. The emulsion system with partially hydrophobic clay nanoparticles in the presence of PAM and SDS shows higher thermal stability as compared to fully hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles. In the presence of salt, NaCl (1.0wt%), the thermal stability of clay and SiO2 stabilized emulsions is observed to be further promoted at higher temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirm the existence of a structured and rigid layer of nanoparticle at the oil-water interface.
Sharma, A.,Baek, B.G.,Jung, J.P. Scientific and Technical Press ; Elsevier Science 2015 Materials & Design Vol.87 No.-
In this study, the effect of La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles (0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.1wt.%) has been investigated in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC-305) alloy. The various soldering properties have been tested, such as wettability, microstructural evolution, intermetallic compound formation, micro-hardness, tensile strength, and fracture analysis of tensile tested samples. La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles are added in the Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu alloy by mechanical mixing of powders and melting. The structural and morphological features of the samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The experimental results indicate that the best combination of microstructural, wetting and tensile properties is obtained at 0.05wt.% La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> in the solder matrix. The sample reinforced with 0.05wt.% La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> i.e., SAC-0.05 La2O3 exhibits ~18% increase in microhardness, ~26% increase in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and ~14% elongation due to the adsorption of high surface energy of La<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles in the matrix.
Y-doped zinc oxide (YZO) nanoflowers, microstructural analysis and test their antibacterial activity
Sharma, S.K.,Sudheer Pamidimarri, D.V.N.,Kim, D.Y.,Na, J.G. Elsevier 2015 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol.53 No.-
Self-assembled 3D flower-like yttrium-doped zinc oxide (YZO) microstructures composed of nanorods were prepared by hydrothermal-precipitation, and tested their antibacterial activity. The morphological, structural, and compositional properties of YZO nanoflowers were characterized by various techniques, which confirmed a well-crystallized wurtzite hexagonal phase. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of YZO nanopowder showed the 3d core level spectra of yttrium (Y), which formed by two components at about 158.2eV (3d<SUB>5/2</SUB>) and 160.4eV (3d<SUB>3/2</SUB>). The antibacterial activity of YZO nanoflowers were investigated using both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Enhancement in antibacterial activity was observed by the incorporation of yttrium (Y: 2at.%) of nanorod-based-flowers because of increased surface area. The prepared YZO nanocomposite showed potential as an antibacterial agent with applications in controlling the spread of infections and also the ability of fast antibacterial activity which can hinder the re-emergence of infection.
Novel assessment method for accessing private data in social network security services
Park, J. H.,Sung, Y.,Sharma, P. K.,Jeong, Y. S.,Yi, G. Kluwer Academic Publishers 2017 The Journal of supercomputing Vol.73 No.7
<P>Social network services (SNSs) have become one of the core Internet-based application services in recent years. Through SNSs, diverse kinds of private data are shared with users' friends and SNS plug-in applications. However, these data can be exposed via abnormal private data access. For example, the addition of fake friends to a user's account is one approach to gain access to a private user's data. Private user data can be protected from being accessed by using an automated method to assess information. This paper proposes a method that evaluates private data accesses for social network security. By defining normal private data access patterns in advance, abnormal private data access patterns can be exposed. Normal private data access patterns are generated by analyzing all of the consecutive private data accesses of users based on Bayesian probability. We have proven the effectiveness of our approach by conducting experiments where the private data access signals of Twitter accounts were collected and analyzed.</P>