http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Recent Advances in the Development of Experimental Therapeutics for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia
Michael L Martini,Sean N. Neifert,J Mocco,Fedor Panov,Winona Tse,Ruth H. Walker,Jian Jin,Fiona Gupta 대한파킨슨병및이상운동질환학회 2019 Journal Of Movement Disorders Vol.12 No.3
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 1% in people over 60, and it represents an increasingly important medical problem in our aging population [1]. For decades, the standard of care for PD has involved treatment with levodopa (L-DOPA), which elevates dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal pathway, enhancing movement and coordinated motor functions. Chronic L-DOPA results in motor complications, including levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), which occur in at least 50% of patients after 5 to 10 years of treatment. LID is a significant limitation to the viability of long-term L-DOPA use because patient function and quality of life are compromised and individual and societal costs are increased [2].
Saeed Ansari,Majid Dadmehr,Behzad Eftekhar,Douglas J. McConnell,Sarah Ganji,Hassan Azari,Shahab Kamali-Ardakani,Brian L. Hoh,J. Mocco 대한해부학회 2011 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.44 No.4
This article describes a straightforward method to measure the dimensions and identify morphological variations in the cerebral arterial circle using the general-purpose software program Osiris. This user-friendly and portable program displays, manipulates, and analyzes medical digital images, and it has the capability to determine morphometric properties of selected blood vessels (or other anatomical structures) in humans and animals. To ascertain morphometric variations in the cerebral arterial circle, 132 brains of recently deceased fetuses, infants, and adults were dissected. The dissection procedure was first digitized, and then the dimensions were measured with Osiris software. Measurements of each vessel’s length and external diameters were used to identify and classify morphological variations in the cerebral arterial circle. The most commonly observed anatomical variations were uni- and bilateral hypoplasia of the posterior communicating artery. This study demonstrates that public domain soft ware can be used to measure and classify cerebral arterial circle vessels. This method could be extended to examine other anatomical regions or to study other animals. Additionally, knowledge of variations within the circle could be applied clinically to enhance diagnostic and treatment specificity.