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The Impact of the Recent Financial Crisis on International Trade
Iwao TANAKA 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10
One of the major impacts of the recent financial crisis on Japanese economy is a sharp appreciation of its currency. Despite the appreciation as much of the 16.4%, however, Japanese total imports as well as exports decreased by the fastest speed in its history. While imports of final products can be most severely affected by the economic recession, some imported intermediate inputs may not be reduced as the same pace when those parts are contracted out. In this paper 1 focus on the difference in ways of import quantity response to the real yen appreciation between generic and specific parts and components. Part-sourcing with a contract implies pre-determined price settings. The volumes of specific imports, accordingly, would change less quickly even if the yen rapidly appreciates. Empirical analysis using the recent 3-year monthly data on motor vehicle parts and components shows that the import adjustment speed is slightly lower for those parts with higher unit import prices compared to those parts with lower unit import prices. Such specific parts also show slightly smaller price elasticity than generic parts. Thus it appears that there is some role of contracting out in linking the real yen appreciation and part imports.
Iwao Kuwajima, MD 대한고혈압학회 2011 Clinical Hypertension Vol.17 No.1
Although evidence-based medicine (EBM) has changed medical therapy from experience- or experiment-based medicine to the modern science-based medicine, nowadays it seems to be used as a tool of advertizing strategy of industries. Clinical trial is a fundamental component of EBM and it costs very much and are mostly conducted by the financial support of pharmaceutical industries at a tremendous expense. If anticipated results for the sponsor were not shown in the trial, a “spin” has been used to mislead readers as if positive results for test drugs or devices were obtained by emphasizing subgroup analysis, or searching favorable endpoint by post-hoc analysis. Clinical trials on angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) are continuing succession of defeat all over world except two Japanese clinical trials, JIKEI HEART and KYOTO HEART studies. However, in both trials, subjective soft endpoints, such as angina pectoris or congestive heart failure were used despite of prospective randomized, open labeled, blinded endpoint design. In the era of advertizing-based medicine, It is important to read clinical trial data with critical view points.
Iwao, Masatoshi,Kusukawa, Etsuko Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2014 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.13 No.2
This paper discusses a green supply chain with a manufacturer and a collection trader, and it proposes an optimal production planning for remanufacturing of parts in used products with quality classification errors made by the collection trader. When a manufacturer accepts an order for parts from a retailer and procures used products from a collection trader, the collection trader might have some quality classification errors due to the lack of equipment or expert knowledge regarding quality classification. After procurement of used products, the manufacturer inspects if there are any classification errors. If errors are detected, the manufacturer reclassifies the misclassified (overestimated) used products at a cost. Accordingly, the manufacturer decides to remanufacture from the higher-quality used products based on a remanufacturing ratio or produce parts from new materials. This paper develops a mathematical model to find how quality classification errors affect the optimal decisions for a lower limit of procurement quality of used products and a remanufacturing ratio under the lower limit and the expected profit of the manufacturer. Numerical analysis investigates how quality of used products, the reclassification cost and the remanufacturing cost of used products affect the optimal production planning and the expected profit of a manufacturer.
Cross-cultural Aspects of Women's Studies
Iwao, Sumiko 淑明女子大學校 亞細亞女性問題硏究所 1984 아시아여성연구 Vol.23 No.-
Next, we can look at Bem's sex role inventory. Because of the way the inventory was constructed by asking the respondents to list those characteristics which are considered to be desirable for men/women to have in the United States. Therefore, the measure is fully culture-bound. But if we arrange to make another inventory in another culture, for example, in Japan, and compare items we come up with for both sex typed and androgynous, this should highten the differences in sex roles in the two cultures. Another slightly different sort of our concern is those topics which more appropriately benefit from cross-cultural studies. Let me mention one which I think belongs to this category. In both United States and Japan we use the term 'equality'. I am sure you use this term in Korea, too. And we are all working towards changing the society so that both men and women are completely equal as human beings. But having visited many countries, I now realize that there is more than one meaning of equality and therefore, more than one approach to achieve it. I particularly realized it in China. Men and women are certainly equal in terms of rights and amount of working hours in China. In the factory I visited, women workers went home at about four i.e., one hour earlier than male colleagues so that they could use that one hour for cooking for dinner. I doubt Americans would consider such a practice "equality between sexes". I am sure that I have run out of time allocated to me so let me quickly state that cross-cultural studies are extremely important to promote our understanding of human behavior and are particularly of our pervious accumulation of knowledge much of which did not include data from women.
Iwao, Toru,Shimokura, Takuya,Sakai, Tadashi,Mori, Yusuke,Tanaka, Manabu,Tashiro, Shinichi,Yumoto, Motoshige The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2011 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.1 No.3
Welding technology has been developed to improve welding quality. Especially, plasma arc welding has been used for a wide range of areas. However, welding defects occur because of inappropriate arc conditions and lack of arc control with metal vapor contamination in the arc column and anode root. The metal vapor contamination from the anode is varied by the electrical conductivity of the arc in high-temperature medium. The arc emits intense radiation. In this paper, the temperature distribution of the plasma arc contaminated with iron vapor from the anode under consideration of self-absorption was elucidated to develop the plasma arc welding technology and avoid the welding defect. Electromagnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation is used to calculate the temperature. Results show that the temperature distribution was varied under consideration of self-absorption because of the iron vapor distribution, and because ionized argon exists near the cathode.
Frequency Responses of Ambulatory ECG Systems and Their Correction by a Compensation Circuit
Iwao, K.,Yokoi, A.,Suzuki, S.,Goto, T.,Doniwa, K.,Okajima, M. The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 1990 의공학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Frequency responses of ambulatory electrocardiogram systems were measured. Phase shift was assessed by our improved Wagner's method. The characteristics of the systems were found much worse than that of ordinary ECG equipment both in gain and phase responses. The decay of -3dB in amplitude observed in 0.2Hz and the lead of 45 dog in phase was observed in 0.6Hz. In order to investigate which of these 2 responses play major role in generating false S -T deviation, mathe- matical filters were Composed in a computer and actual ECGs were fed. The false S-T deviation were found to be caused mostly by enormous lead in phase, and then, the compensation circuit to diminish the lead in phase was inserted in the commercial systemes. The compensated systems showed no false deviation in S-T segment.