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李哲宰,黃一愚,崔東翊 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1983 慶北醫大誌 Vol.25 No.1
1979年부터 1980年까지 1年間에 걸쳐서 膽石病 患者에서 膽石을 採集하여 그 無機成分의 定性 및 半定量分析은 3.4meter Ebert-Grating spectrography로, 그 定量分析은 Beckman DU spectrophotometer로 測定하여 人體에서 採取한 膽汁 및 肝組織의 無機成分과 比較 分析하여 그 相互關係를 究明하였다. 膽石의 乾燥重量은 最少 67㎎, 最大 1.627㎎, 平均 390.1㎎였으며 定性 및 半定量分析에서 aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium 및 phosphrus의 9種 元素는 比較的 大量, silver, chromium, silicon, titanium, vanadium, zinc의 6種 元素는 微量 檢出할 수 있었다. 肝吸蟲 感染者의 膽石에서의 silver, copper 및 iron의 含量은 非感染者의 그 含量보다 많았으며 cholesterel 結石에서의 calcium과 copper의 含量은 pigment結石의 各 含量에 比해 적었다. 膽石, 膽汁 및 肝組織에서의 無機成分의 含量에 있어서 膽石에서는 silver, copper, iron, 및 zinc의 含量이 膽汁과 肝組織의 그 量에 비하여 많았는데 反하여 chromium 含量은 膽石에서 적었다. In order to determine the mineral contents of gallstones obtained from the cholelithiasis patients admitted to Kyungpook National University Hospital from 1979 to 1980, qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of the stones were performed with 3.4 meter Ebert-Grating spectrograph and quantitative analyses were done with Beckman DU spectrophotometer. The results analyzed were compared with the data obtained from the bile and the liver tissue of man. In the spectrographic analysis of gallstones, aluminum, calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, and phosphorus were detected predominantly, whereas, silver, chromium, silicon, titanium, vanadium and zinc were detected as trace elements. The contents of silver, copper and iron in the gallstones of clonorchiasis paitents were much more than those in the stones of non-infected controls. At the same, the contents of calcium and copper in cholesterol stones were less than in pigment stones. When the mineral contents in the gallstone, bile and liver tissue were compared, the contents of silver, copper, iron and zinc in the stones were more predominant, than those in the bile and liver tissue. On the contrary, the content of chromium in the stones was a little more than that in the bile and liver.
The Surgeon’s Expertise-Outcome Relationship in Gastric Cancer Surgery
Wansik Yu,Young Kook Yun,Ilwoo Whang,최규석 대한암학회 2005 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.37 No.3
Purpose: The surgical caseload or duration of practice of a surgeon may influence the outcomes of gastric cancer surgery. This study aimed to clarify the surgical quality provided by specialized gastric cancer surgeons.Materials and Methods: The postoperative courses of 1,877 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed. For classification of the surgeon's expertise, the number of yearly resections performed by, and consecutive years of practice of, the surgeons were used. The outcome measures used were the 30-day mortality and long-term survival.Results: Surgical mortalities of patients who underwent surgery by a specialized surgeon and those by a general surgeon revealed no statistically significant difference. A significant difference in the five-year survival rates was found with surgeons with at least two consecutive years of practice compared to those with less than two years, when 50 or more cases had been conducted per year (63.9% and 59.7%; p=0.0380). In cases of four-years of consecutive practice, the five-year survival rate was significantly improved, even if only 10 cases were performed annually (64.9% and 58.3%; p=0.0023), although the best survival rate was found with surgeons that had performed 50 or more surgeries per year.Conclusion: Improved survival rates, with acceptable surgical mortality, can be achieved for gastric cancer when the surgery is performed by a specialized surgeon. A specialized gastric cancer surgeon can be defined as one who has operated on more than 50 new cases per year, with 2 or more consecutive years of surgical practice.