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Reduction of acetaldehyde formation from pulverized solid woods by thermal and chemical treatments
Mizukoshi, Atsushi,Kurosaki, Yosuke,Yamamoto, Naomichi,Noguchi, Miyuki,Iizuka, Atsushi,Yamasaki, Akihiro,Yanagisawa, Yukio Springer-Verlag 2018 Wood science and technology Vol.52 No.2
<P>High concentrations of acetaldehyde are often observed in indoor environments. One possible source of this is acetaldehyde formation produced by ethanol from wood building materials. To characterize indoor acetaldehyde formation and propose methods for its reduction, chamber-based experiments were conducted in which alcohols were added to pulverized solid woods. The results indicated that acetaldehyde was generated from the ethanol-added wood materials, and softwoods, namely Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, and Swedish redwood generated more acetaldehyde than the other three woods. The experiments using different types of alcohols of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol revealed a tendency similar to the reported enzymatic profile of the higher plant-derived alcohol dehydrogenase. It was confirmed that acetaldehyde generation was reduced by treatment methods typically used for inactivating enzymes, namely chemical treatments using pyrazole, borate, and urea and thermal treatments. The findings suggest that the chemical and thermal treatment methods are useful to reduce acetaldehyde generation in indoor environments.</P>
Yoichi Iizuka,Haku Iizuka,Tokue Mieda,Daisuke Tsunoda,Tsuyoshi Sasaki,Tsuyoshi Tajika,Atsushi Yamamoto,Kenji Takagishi 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.6
Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Purpose: To clarify the prevalence of chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) and its associated factors among middle-aged and elderly Japanese individuals using data from a musculoskeletal examination conducted in general Japanese populations. Overview of Literature: Most studies evaluating low back pain-associated factors have been conducted in Western countries, but they have not always evaluated CNSLBP. Methods: We obtained data on 213 subjects aged >50 years who responded to a survey regarding age, gender, body mass index, lifestyle-related diseases (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia), glucocorticoid use, smoking and alcohol-drinking habits, labor intensity, and chronic low back pain (CLBP) and underwent screening for lumbar spinal stenosis, evaluation for quality of life (QOL), and evaluation for specific spinal pathology via thoracolumbar spine X-rays. We investigated the prevalence of CNSLBP and association between CNSLBP and measured variables. Results: The prevalence of CNSLBP and chronic specific low back pain (CSLBP) was 15.4% and 9.3%, respectively. Among the subjects with CLBP, 62.2% had CNSLBP. In age-adjusted logistic models, smoking habits (p =0.049, odds ratio [OR]=2.594), low back pain (p <0.001, OR=0.974), lumbar function (p =0.001, OR=0.967), and social function (p =0.023, OR=0.976) in the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire (JOABPEQ) were significantly associated with CNSLBP, whereas EQ-5D utility score (p =0.024, OR=0.068), low back pain (p =0.007, OR=0.981), lumbar function (p =0.001, OR=0.963), walking ability (p =0.001, OR=0.968), and social function (p =0.002, OR=0.966) in JOABPEQ were significantly associated with CSLBP. Conclusions: CNSLBP among middle-aged and elderly individuals was associated with smoking habits and decreased QOL; however, CSLBP was considered to be more multilaterally associated decreased QOL.
Takanori Kitagawa,Yoichi Iizuka,Hiroki Kobayashi,Tokue Mieda,Daisuke Tsunoda,Atsushi Yamamoto,Tsuyoshi Tajika,Haku Iizuka,Kenji Takagishi 대한척추외과학회 2017 Asian Spine Journal Vol.11 No.6
Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pelvic tilt (PT) and the sacro-femoral-pubic (SFP) angle, which is easier to identify than PT, in middle-aged and elderly Asian subjects from the general population. Overview of Literature: Measuring PT is important in the diagnosis and treatment of adult spinal deformity. However, identifying femoral heads, which are necessary to determine PT, using sagittal radiographs is often difficult. Methods: Standing coronal and sagittal pelvic radiographs of individuals aged more than 50 years were taken during a local medical examination. The subjects were divided into female, male, and total groups at the time of evaluation. Linear regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between PT and the SFP angle, which were obtained from the X-rays. Results: The present study included 291 subjects. There were no statistically significant differences between the left and right SFP angles, and there was gender difference regarding the SFP angle. However, a gender difference was observed regarding PT. The correlation between PT and the SFP angle was substantiated in each group. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between PT and the SFP angle in the total, female, and male groups were 0.696, 0.853, and 0.619, respectively. In the linear regression analysis, PT was calculated as follows: PT=60.1−0.77×(SFP angle) in the total group, PT=62.8−0.80×(SFP angle) in the female group, and PT=51.5−0.64×(SFP angle) in the male group. Conclusions: A significant correlation between PT and the SFP angle was observed in middle-aged and elderly Asian subjects from the general population.