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조영숙,김수지,Ida. M. Martinson 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1993 Health & Nursing Vol.5 No.-
The purpose of this research was to understand the structure of the lived experience of a child terminally ill with cancer. The research question was "What is the structure of the experience of a child terminally ill with Cancer?" The sample consisted of 17 children admitted to the Cancer units of two university hospitals in Seoul. The unstructured interview were carried out from January, 1992 through December, 1992. They were audio -recorded and analyzed using Van Kaan's method. There are different views on the causing factors of Cancer. Irregular daily habits, fatigue, weak, physical condition, disease, anger, tension, guilt feeling, air pollution and unhealthy diet are considered to be related factors. The reaction to Cancer can be varied : fear, despair, avoidance, acceptance, apathy, grief, anger, anxiety over medical expense. Over a period of illness, these children experience side effects of medicine, acute pain, loss of appetite, withdrawal of activities, feeling of loneliness or isolation, loss of interest in communication, search for a religion and support from religious leaders. The children with Cancer have observed various changes in family relationships. The expressed desires of these children include health, happy family, possession of desired things, religious expectations, being useful to other people. The nurse, by providing empathetic support, should be a person with whom childrens can express their feelings and share their experiences.
자녀를 상실한 어머니의 고통체험 : Parse 의 Human Becoming 방법론 적용
김수지,Dr. Ida Martinson,신경림,양순옥 이화여자대학교 간호과학연구소 1994 Health & Nursing Vol.6 No.-
Suffering is a universal human experience. Human beings living the paradoxical unity of connecting -seperating cocreate rhythmical patterns of relating in open exchange with the universe. The purpose of this study was to understand the structure of the lived suffering experiences of mothers who have lost a child due to cancer. The research question was "what was the structure of the suffering experiences of mothers who have lost a child due to cancer?", using Parse's Human Becoming research methodology (Parse, 1992). The data were collected through in-depth interviews by the investigators over a period of 9 months from October, 1992, to June, 1993. Research participants were selected from mothers in Seoul area who had lost a child due to cancer. Following the Human Becoming research methodology with Dialogical Engagement between the nurse -investigators and the participants, the taped records of the dialogical engagements were transcribed. Sampling was discontinued when the data were theoretically saturated. The lived suffering experiences include anger, regret, guilt and fear, sadness, a desire to avoid people, loss of confidence, difficulty in accepting reality, loss of meaning in life, changed spiritual belief, longing for lost child, senses of powerlessness and hopelessness, transformed life, changed value, rediscovering the importance of family, insomnia, sorrow, praying for the deceased one, changed attitude for life, senses of collapse and lethargy, perceiving the child's death as a punishment from God, participating volunteer and religious activities. Twenty three propositions were derived from the data. The data were analyzed by extraction-synthesis. Four structures of the suffering experiences were identified. 1. Suffering is expressed as verbal and nonverbal guilty feelings which the lived did not do one's best in order to prevent disease and the loved one's death. 2. Suffering facilitates the moving toward relating to the lost continuously in emptiness. 3. Suffering increases avoidance from people proand artifacts of the lost that triggers longing for the lost. 4. Suffering promotes the transformation of pain through changed views of the self, others, health and death. These structures were integrated conceptually as follows : 1. The lived suffering experience is agony of longing for the lost child. 2. The lived suffering experience is a process of meeting-leaving in a paradoxical unity of connecting -seperating. 3. The lived suffering experience is widening human relationships relating- avoiding in paradoxical unity of revealing - concealing. 4. The lived suffering experience is moving energy that searches for the positive changes.