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Development and validation of a nursing response model to pandemic disasters
Hyunsook Shin,Dahae Rim,Hyejin Jeon,Jieun Kim,Hyojin Chun,Hee Oh,Soonyoung Shon,Kaka Shim,Kyung Mi Kim 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim(s): To explore the nursing responses and experiences among nurses practicing at different types of institutions against the COVID-19 pandemic, to develop and validate a nursing response model for use in future pandemic disasters. Method(s): We used a mixed method, primarily qualitative and then quantitative study. Participants were 46 nurses for 14 focus group interviews and 563 nurses for an online survey. Participants were nurses working at public health offices and hospitals, as managers, and as school nurses. In the qualitative phase, the interview protocol was developed to conduct focus-group interviews by the international team workshops. Fortysix Korean nurses practicing in the different settings were invited to learn about their experiences during COVID-19. The themes found from this focus-group study were used to develop a tool. Using the tool, an online survey was conducted among nurses. Exploratory and confirmatory Factor analysis were performed using the AMOS to extract the new factor structure of the dataset and to establish the structural validity of the developed tool. Result(s): The main themes from the focus-group interviews through comparative analysis were situational awareness, emotional responses, strategies, nursing values, and remains from the COVID-19 pandemic. 47 original items under the five domains of nursing response on a pandemic disaster were delineated and 42 final items’ content validity was established by experts and practitioners. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that three distinct factors were underlying nurse responses to the pandemic response items and that these factors were internally consistent. In the confirmatory factor analysis, three-factor model showed an acceptable fit. Conclusion(s): The developed nursing response model to pandemic situations was delineated based on nurses’ experiences and it is not surprising that nurses learned how to work and deal with an unknown crisis or in an unfamiliar situation. The created nursing response model to a pandemic can be used to prepare for a future pandemic or crisis.
Desperate nurses: Psychological Distress in New Pandemics
Hyunsook Shin,Dahae Rim,Hyejin Jeon,Jieun Kim,Hyojin Chun 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim: To assess the psychological distress among nursing professionals in hospitals, communities, and schools during a new pandemic outbreak. Methods: A descriptive study using an online survey was conducted in June 2021 among nursing professionals who participated in the COVID-19 pandemic response. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) were administered to identify the status of psychological distress and the posttraumatic responses. Results: 563 nursing professionals, including 364 staff nurses, 28 nurse managers, 25 infection control nurses, 58 public health nurses, and 88 school nurses, participated in the survey. The average score of psychological distress measured by DASS-21 in nursing professionals was 21.41±15.19. Assessed Predefined cutoff scores of depression, anxiety, and stress separately, 23.8%, 34.4%, and 26.7% of participants demonstrated more than severe levels of psychological distress. The post-traumatic stress score measured by IES-R was found to be 26.98 ±23.48 on average. 48.1% were identified as more than "clinically concerned", and 33.9% were at a level where they suspected ‘immune system suppression’. Psychological distress (F=9.84, p<0.001) and posttraumatic response scores (F=3.24, p=0.012) were significantly different by nursing professionals. Infection control nurses were assessed as the most psychologically suffered group and public health nurses and school nurses also reported higher scores than the averages in both evaluations. Conclusions: At the frontline of pandemic response, nursing professionals are one of the most vulnerable groups who suffered psychologically as well as physically to pull off their own duties, requiring immediate intervention. Building a healthcare infrastructure considering the psychological impact of nursing professionals can alleviate the crisis in new Pandemics in the future.
Collaborative disaster governance recognized by nurses during a Pandemic
Hyunsook Shin,Dahae Rim,Hyejin Jeon,Jieun Kim,Hyojin Chun,Hee Oh,Soonyoung Shon,Kaka Shim,Kyung Mi Kim 한국간호과학회 2021 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Aim: To identify collaborative disaster governance through the demand and supply analysis of resources recognized by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used a mixed method, primarily qualitative and then quantitative study. Participants were 630 nurses practicing at public health offices, hospitals, and schools. In the beginning, forty-seven nurses were invited to learn about their resource use experiences during COVID-19. The themes from this focus-group study were used to develop the survey tool. Using the tool, an online survey was conducted among nurses. Demand and supply analysis was used to analyze which resources needed attention for supporting nurses. Results: The 45 items from the in-depth interviews were delineated and three items were deleted through expert validation. The factor analysis yielded seven factors explaining a total of 65.66 % of the variance for the entire set of variables. Demand and supply analysis showed that supplies procurement, cooperation, education, and environment factors clustered in the high demand and supply quadrant while labor condition, advocacy, emotional support, and workload adjustment factors clustered in the high demand but low supply indicating strong needs for those resources were present. The nurses practicing at the public health offices and schools showed major factors plotted in the second quadrant, indicating weak collaborative governance of resources. Conclusions: These findings showed that there was an unbalanced distribution among nurses resulting in major challenges in collaborative disaster governance during COVID-19. The collaborative disaster governance through improved distribution in future as well as the current pandemic is useful for helping nurses to achieve more required resources and more effective pandemic response.