Application of natural enemy for the pest management on tomato

Hyoung-ho Mo,Jino Son,Jung-Joon Park,Yong-heon Kim,Key-il Shin,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Biological control of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouse tomatoes with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa has been evaluated in Korea. However implementation of biological control program is retarded due to the reasons that lacks of site specific strategies. Aims of the present research are: (1) To develop an effective biological control method of the whitefly in tomato plants; the following were studied: (a) development of proper introduction rate of parasitoid, E. formosa, for the control of whiteflies, and (b) development of the effective control method of American serpentine leafminers with a parasitoid, Diglyphus isaea. (2) To build a computer-simulation model in which all factors are incorporated which have been studied in the relationship between whitefly and the parasitoid. The computer-simulation models would be used to estimate the effect of future developments in the greenhouse industry on the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly using E. formosa. More general goals are to develop reliable evaluation techniques to test the pest-control ability of natural enemies prior to their use in practical situations and to determine which role simulation models may play in estimating the results of biological control in new situations.

Effect of global warming on the oriental tobacco budworm Heliothis assulta Guenée (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): modeling approach

Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

Heliothis assulta is the most severe pest of pepper in Korea. The management of this pest is very difficult because the larva live in the pepper fruit and emerge continuously. There are relatively abundant studies about temperature development of H. assulta, but few works are available to describe its future population dynamics which is caused by global warming. If we predict the long-term-population dynamics we can manage the H. assulta more effectively. Therefore we simulated the population size using the computer softwater, DYMEX, developed by CSIRO in Australia. Especially, we predicted population dynamics of H. assulta applying past climate data (1965-1985) and future climate data (2065-2085) which were generated by National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR). Comparing to past population dynamics, the epidemic size and frequency would increase in the future. This means that the population management of H. assulta should be conducted more sophisticatedly.

Stream water quality assessment using larval behavior of Chironomus yoshimatsui

Hyoung-ho Mo,Jino Son,Keon-Sang Ryoo,Yeon Jae Bae,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.04

Despite the importance of behavioral ecotoxicological tests, few researches have been conducted to assess the quality of freshwater using behavior of test species, in part due to lack of standardized test method for quantifying the response. In this study, we developed a new test methods using non-biting midge larva’s burrowing behavior to assess field water quality and a new index, AUC (area under curve), to compare burrowing behavior quantitatively. Four kinds of field samples (residential, natural, agricultural and industrial areas) were tested using the method to validate our methodology and index. There were not significant differences in 96 h mortality and heavy metal concentration between samples, but AUC from the industry sample was significantly decreased.

Burrowing behavior of <i>Chironomus yoshimatsui</i> larvae as an indicator of freshwater quality

Mo, Hyoung-ho,Son, Jino,Ryoo, Keon-Sang,Bae, Yeon Jae,Cho, Kijong Elsevier 2018 Ecological Indicators Vol.85 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A new behavioral endpoint in ecotoxicity testing, burrowing behavior of <I>Chironomus yoshimatsui</I> larvae that survived pre-exposure to 0, 1, 5, and 10mg/L of cadmium for 96h was evaluated in a system composed of clean reconstituted water and sand for 5h, at 30min intervals. The effective time required for 50% of the introduced larvae to burrow (ET<SUB>50</SUB>), the proportion of the maximum burrowing rate reached during a 5h period (BR<SUB>5h</SUB>), and the area under the curve at 5h (AUC<SUB>5h</SUB>) were calculated based on the fitted relationship between burrowing rate and elapsed time. These effect parameters were chosen because they take into account either the burrowing speed of the larvae (ET<SUB>50</SUB>), or the proportion of the maximum burrowing rate reached during a 5h period (BR<SUB>5h</SUB>), or both (AUC<SUB>5h</SUB>). We found that higher cadmium concentrations resulted in longer ET<SUB>50</SUB> and lower AUC<SUB>5h</SUB> values. Additionally, field water samples were collected from streams near residential, natural, agricultural, and industrial areas in Ansan City, Korea in 2014 and 2015, and were used to validate the proposed burrowing test method. The results of the burrowing tests with field collected water samples also confirmed the sensitivity of burrowing activity as an ecotoxicity endpoint, indicated by the large differences among the ET<SUB>50</SUB>, BR<SUB>5h</SUB>, and AUC<SUB>5h</SUB> across the sampling sites and dates with industrial sites strongly affecting burrowing behavior. This study clearly showed that the proposed burrowing test could provide information that would not be detected with the existing acute toxicity tests, within a relatively short time, and can therefore be used as a complement to existing chemical analyses and acute toxicity tests.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The larval burrowing behavior of <I>Chironomus yoshimatsui</I> is ecologically important. </LI> <LI> The burrowing behavior was affected by cadmium at sub-lethal concentrations. </LI> <LI> A test method and index were developed to assess freshwater quality using burrowing behavior of <I>C. yoshimatsui</I> larvae. </LI> <LI> The proposed test indicates the presence of hazardous compounds at sublethal concentrations. </LI> </UL> </P>

Development and Application of Aquatic Ecotoxicological Assessment using Indicator Arthropods

Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

The use of aquatic species in ecotoxicity research is well established in developed countries. However there are limitations of using the species that are not native to Korea, and the toxicity data produced by domestic test species are significantly needed to reflect the domestic situation. In this study, the applicability of 3 kinds of native species, Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin et Sublette, Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Heterocypris incongruens Ramdohr, as aquatic toxicity test species was studied. Also, the integration method of each species response to various industrial effluent and surface water was developed. In ecotoxicological researches using macro invertebrates, temperature is one of the most important toxicity-modifying factors, and temperature effect is species specific. Besides temperature effect, there are other physico-chemical factors that can affect test organisms, such as pH, water hardness and dissolved organic matter. The ideal test species for freshwater quality assessment is very sensitive to various pollutant but resistant to wide ranges of physico-chemical properties of environmental media. Behaviour is the cumulative interaction of a variety of biotic and abiotic factors that represents the animal′s response to internal and external factors and relates one organism to another. So, it is a major mechanism by which animals adapt to changes in their environment, including exposure to contaminants. Despite the importance of behavioral ecotoxicological test, there are few researches to assess the quality of freshwater and its sediment, in part due to the difficulties to obtain detailed quantitative data. This study shows the potentiality of behavioral test for water quality assessment using burrowing behavior of midge species exposed to several heavy metals. Finally, we propose a method which integrates each test into one concise and useful index and can be applied to various field water.

Prediction and validation of geographic distribution of Thrips palmi based on Maximum Entropy approach

Hyoung-ho Mo,Jinsol Hong,Gwan-Seok Lee,Jung-Joon Park,Doo-Hyung Lee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

Thc climate change has the potential to significantly modify the actual distribution of insect pest with unknown consequences on agricultural systems and management strategies. In this study, Thrips palmi Karny was selected to predict distribution under climate change. T. palmi was introduced and first recorded in 1993 in Korea, and has become a serious pest of vegetable and ornamental crops. The MaxEnt was applied to T. palmi to predict its potential geographic distribution in Korea and Japan under the RCP 8.5 climate changing scenario. The MaxEnt software package is one of the most popular tools for species distribution and environmental niche modeling. The habitat prediction model of T. palmi in Korea was validated by the distribution of T. palmi in Japan. Based on the MaxEnt modeling, T. palmi would expand their potential distribution to whole Korean peninsula except the alpine region in Gangwon-do and Yanggang-do and Hamgyeongbuk-do in 2070s. Therefore, the monitoring system and management strategy for T. palmi should be reconsidered and re-evaluated.

A Comparison of Insect Distribution Models Under Climate Change in Korea

Hyoung-ho Mo,Jung-Joon Park,Doo-Hyung Lee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10

Insects reflect climate change dramatically because insects are poikilotherm and have huge biodiversity. Also, the prediction of insect distribution is very significant due to the position of this group giving diverse ecological services including their extraordinary economic importance. Accurate modeling of geographic distributions of insect species is crucial to various applications in ecology and conservation. The best performing techniques often require some parameter tuning, which may be prohibitively time-consuming to do separately for each species, or unreliable for small or biased data sets. The purpose of this study is to introduce and compare several models to predict insect distribution under climate change in Korea. This work would be helpful to researchers or decision makers by giving practical advice, for example, kinds of input/output data, applicability to GIS, to select appropriate model to predict insect distribution.

Development of decision tree model and protein profiling of Heterocypris incongruens Ramdohr exposed to heavy metals and pesticides using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Hyoung-ho Mo,Yongeun Kim,Key-il Shin,Sung-Eun Lee,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Proteomics may help to detect subtle pollution-related changes, such as responses to mixture pollution at low concentrations, where clear signs of toxicity are absent. Also proteomics provide potential in the discovery of new sensitive biomarkers for environmental pollution. We utilized SELDI-TOF MS (surface enhanced laser desorption. / ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) to analyze the proteomic profile of Heterocypris incongruens exposed to several heavy metals (lead, mercury, copper, cadmium and chromium) and pesticides (emamectin benzoate, endosulfan, cypermethrin, mancozeb and paraquat dichloride). Several highly significant biomarkers were selected to make a model of classification analysis. data sets obtained from H. incongruens exposed to pollutants were investigated for differential protein expression by SELDI-TOF MS and decision tree classification. Decision tree model was developed with training set, and then validated with test set from profiling data of H. incongruens. Machine learning techniques provide a promising approach to process the information from mass spectrometry data. Even thought the identification of protein would be ideal, class discrimination does not need it. In the future, this decision tree model would be validated with various levels of pollutants to apply field samples.

Development of a new trap using multi narrow tubes to guide ants

Hyoung-ho Mo,Hoki Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2021 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

Biological assessment of freshwater quality in South Korea using indigenous aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia sp., Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin et Sublette, Heterocypris incongruens Ramdohr, and Ephemera orientalis McLachlan) to Korea

Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho,Yeon Jae Bae 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

Traditionally oxygen demands and concentrations of variable pollutant have been used for the assessment of lentic or lotic water quality. But there is a high probability that newly synthesized chemicals flow into the aquatic ecosystem, and it is very hard to investigate that many kinds of chemicals interact even though they exit at lower level than legal standards. As a consequence of limitation of chemical assessment for media, biological assessment techniques for accepters which are affected by pollutants or physicochemical properties have been developed. However, it still has several weak points because it does not have the ecological relevances using the internationally standard test species which do not inhabit Korea. Besides, the assessment using just one or two species may have a possibility of overestimation or underestimation because a certain species can be extremely sensitive or insensitive to a certain chemical or physicochemical property. Therefore, we used four kinds of indigenous aquatic invertebrates to assess the local stream quality and integrated their responses into a new index which ranges from 0(bad) to 1(good). We assessed four streams throughout Ansan and one stream in Gapyeong, and index values of two streams near residential and industrial area in Ansan were under 0.9 and the others were over 0.9.