Development and Application of Aquatic Ecotoxicological Assessment using Indicator Arthropods

Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.10

The use of aquatic species in ecotoxicity research is well established in developed countries. However there are limitations of using the species that are not native to Korea, and the toxicity data produced by domestic test species are significantly needed to reflect the domestic situation. In this study, the applicability of 3 kinds of native species, Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin et Sublette, Ephemera orientalis McLachlan and Heterocypris incongruens Ramdohr, as aquatic toxicity test species was studied. Also, the integration method of each species response to various industrial effluent and surface water was developed. In ecotoxicological researches using macro invertebrates, temperature is one of the most important toxicity-modifying factors, and temperature effect is species specific. Besides temperature effect, there are other physico-chemical factors that can affect test organisms, such as pH, water hardness and dissolved organic matter. The ideal test species for freshwater quality assessment is very sensitive to various pollutant but resistant to wide ranges of physico-chemical properties of environmental media. Behaviour is the cumulative interaction of a variety of biotic and abiotic factors that represents the animal′s response to internal and external factors and relates one organism to another. So, it is a major mechanism by which animals adapt to changes in their environment, including exposure to contaminants. Despite the importance of behavioral ecotoxicological test, there are few researches to assess the quality of freshwater and its sediment, in part due to the difficulties to obtain detailed quantitative data. This study shows the potentiality of behavioral test for water quality assessment using burrowing behavior of midge species exposed to several heavy metals. Finally, we propose a method which integrates each test into one concise and useful index and can be applied to various field water.

Effect of elevated temperature on population dynamics of the major pepper pests, Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Frankliniella occidentalis

Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Frankliniella occidentalis are major pepper pests in Korea. The objective of this study was to assess the pepper-yield decrease caused by population change of M. persicae, H. assulta and F. occidentalis. with temperature elevation. It is easy to expect that climate change will increase crop damage caused by pests. Therefore we should predict pest-population dynamics exactly and find the best available strategy for the pest management. Based on the many reported results of temperature development of the three kinds of pest, we simulated the future population dynamics using the computer softwater, DYMEX, developed by CSIRO. The results were that the population sizes and outbreak frequency of 3 kinds pest would increase with global warming. This work may be helpful to establish an effective pest management.

Effect of global warming on the oriental tobacco budworm Heliothis assulta Guenée (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae): modeling approach

Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.10

Heliothis assulta is the most severe pest of pepper in Korea. The management of this pest is very difficult because the larva live in the pepper fruit and emerge continuously. There are relatively abundant studies about temperature development of H. assulta, but few works are available to describe its future population dynamics which is caused by global warming. If we predict the long-term-population dynamics we can manage the H. assulta more effectively. Therefore we simulated the population size using the computer softwater, DYMEX, developed by CSIRO in Australia. Especially, we predicted population dynamics of H. assulta applying past climate data (1965-1985) and future climate data (2065-2085) which were generated by National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR). Comparing to past population dynamics, the epidemic size and frequency would increase in the future. This means that the population management of H. assulta should be conducted more sophisticatedly.

Ecological toxicity of acetaminophen on three native aquatic macroinvertebrate species (Daphnia sp., Chironomus yoshimatsui, and Ephemera orientalis)

Hyoung-Ho Mo,Yong-Eun Kim,Sung-Eun Kang,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Acetaminophen (CAS 103-90-2) is one of the most used pharmaceuticals around the world. In Korea, it was produced 1,069 tons in 2003. This chemical is not eliminated in wastewater treatment plant and may flow into the ecosystem through various routes. Therefore, there is a possibility that it can make an adverse effect on aquatic organisms. To examine its ecological toxicity, we used three native Korean aquatic invertebrate species, Daphnia sp., Chironomus yoshimatsui, and Ephemera orientalis. The acute toxicity on Daphnia sp. was moderately high, and its 48 hour median immobilization concentration (EC50-immobilization) was 51.7 mg/L. On the other side, the reproductive toxicity was very high, and its EC50 of 25 day reproduction test was 0.005 mg/L. In E. orientalis egg hatching test, the median egg hatching inhibition concentration was 0.199 mg/L. C. yoshimatsui was most tolerant to acetaminophen, in which 48 hour median lethal concentration (LC50) was 400.0 mg/L and 45 day median emergence inhibition concentration (EC50-emergence) was 45.27 mg/L. From this results, we concluded that acetaminophen is hazardous to freshwater macroinvertebrates, especially to water flea. Therefore we need to study more about pharmaceuticals' ecotoxicology including acetaminophen and to assess their potential ecological risk.

Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Fauna of the Port of Incheon, South Korea

Hyoung-ho Mo,Taehyun Kim,Myoung Seung Jeon,Eunsik Shin,Woo Taek Hyun 한국응용곤충학회 2021 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.04

Burrowing behavior of <i>Chironomus yoshimatsui</i> larvae as an indicator of freshwater quality

Mo, Hyoung-ho,Son, Jino,Ryoo, Keon-Sang,Bae, Yeon Jae,Cho, Kijong Elsevier 2018 Ecological Indicators Vol.85 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A new behavioral endpoint in ecotoxicity testing, burrowing behavior of <I>Chironomus yoshimatsui</I> larvae that survived pre-exposure to 0, 1, 5, and 10mg/L of cadmium for 96h was evaluated in a system composed of clean reconstituted water and sand for 5h, at 30min intervals. The effective time required for 50% of the introduced larvae to burrow (ET<SUB>50</SUB>), the proportion of the maximum burrowing rate reached during a 5h period (BR<SUB>5h</SUB>), and the area under the curve at 5h (AUC<SUB>5h</SUB>) were calculated based on the fitted relationship between burrowing rate and elapsed time. These effect parameters were chosen because they take into account either the burrowing speed of the larvae (ET<SUB>50</SUB>), or the proportion of the maximum burrowing rate reached during a 5h period (BR<SUB>5h</SUB>), or both (AUC<SUB>5h</SUB>). We found that higher cadmium concentrations resulted in longer ET<SUB>50</SUB> and lower AUC<SUB>5h</SUB> values. Additionally, field water samples were collected from streams near residential, natural, agricultural, and industrial areas in Ansan City, Korea in 2014 and 2015, and were used to validate the proposed burrowing test method. The results of the burrowing tests with field collected water samples also confirmed the sensitivity of burrowing activity as an ecotoxicity endpoint, indicated by the large differences among the ET<SUB>50</SUB>, BR<SUB>5h</SUB>, and AUC<SUB>5h</SUB> across the sampling sites and dates with industrial sites strongly affecting burrowing behavior. This study clearly showed that the proposed burrowing test could provide information that would not be detected with the existing acute toxicity tests, within a relatively short time, and can therefore be used as a complement to existing chemical analyses and acute toxicity tests.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The larval burrowing behavior of <I>Chironomus yoshimatsui</I> is ecologically important. </LI> <LI> The burrowing behavior was affected by cadmium at sub-lethal concentrations. </LI> <LI> A test method and index were developed to assess freshwater quality using burrowing behavior of <I>C. yoshimatsui</I> larvae. </LI> <LI> The proposed test indicates the presence of hazardous compounds at sublethal concentrations. </LI> </UL> </P>

Prediction of population dynamics of Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Frankliniella occidentalis as climate changes: modeling approach

Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.05

Myzus persicae, Heliothis assulta and Frankliniella occidentalis are the most severe pests of pepper in Korea. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) reported that the temperature would increase 7℃ at the end of this century. According to the elevated temperature, the pest population will be grow dramatically. We need to predict the pest-population size to maintain good crop productivity. DYMEX and CLIMEX are commercial software developed by CSIRO in Australia, to build and simulate population dynamics models. Using this software, we predicted population dynamics of M. persicae, H. assulta and F. occidentalis applying past climate data (1970) and future climate data (2070) which were generated by National Institute of Meteorological Research (NIMR). The population growth rates of M. persicae, H. assulta and F. occidentalis were 6300, 16 and 950 times, respectively, with 5 degree elevation. Therefore pest management should be conducted intensively in the future.

Biological assessment of freshwater quality in South Korea using indigenous aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia sp., Chironomus yoshimatsui Martin et Sublette, Heterocypris incongruens Ramdohr, and Ephemera orientalis McLachlan) to Korea

Hyoung-ho Mo,Kijong Cho,Yeon Jae Bae 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

Traditionally oxygen demands and concentrations of variable pollutant have been used for the assessment of lentic or lotic water quality. But there is a high probability that newly synthesized chemicals flow into the aquatic ecosystem, and it is very hard to investigate that many kinds of chemicals interact even though they exit at lower level than legal standards. As a consequence of limitation of chemical assessment for media, biological assessment techniques for accepters which are affected by pollutants or physicochemical properties have been developed. However, it still has several weak points because it does not have the ecological relevances using the internationally standard test species which do not inhabit Korea. Besides, the assessment using just one or two species may have a possibility of overestimation or underestimation because a certain species can be extremely sensitive or insensitive to a certain chemical or physicochemical property. Therefore, we used four kinds of indigenous aquatic invertebrates to assess the local stream quality and integrated their responses into a new index which ranges from 0(bad) to 1(good). We assessed four streams throughout Ansan and one stream in Gapyeong, and index values of two streams near residential and industrial area in Ansan were under 0.9 and the others were over 0.9.

Application of natural enemy for the pest management on tomato

Hyoung-ho Mo,Jino Son,Jung-Joon Park,Yong-heon Kim,Key-il Shin,Kijong Cho 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Biological control of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouse tomatoes with the parasitoid Encarsia formosa has been evaluated in Korea. However implementation of biological control program is retarded due to the reasons that lacks of site specific strategies. Aims of the present research are: (1) To develop an effective biological control method of the whitefly in tomato plants; the following were studied: (a) development of proper introduction rate of parasitoid, E. formosa, for the control of whiteflies, and (b) development of the effective control method of American serpentine leafminers with a parasitoid, Diglyphus isaea. (2) To build a computer-simulation model in which all factors are incorporated which have been studied in the relationship between whitefly and the parasitoid. The computer-simulation models would be used to estimate the effect of future developments in the greenhouse industry on the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly using E. formosa. More general goals are to develop reliable evaluation techniques to test the pest-control ability of natural enemies prior to their use in practical situations and to determine which role simulation models may play in estimating the results of biological control in new situations.

Development of a new trap using multi narrow tubes to guide ants

Hyoung-ho Mo,Hoki Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2021 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10