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      • KCI등재

        Modified Factor for Segmented Pipes in Chinese Pipe Seismic Design Code Based on Probability Density Evolution Method

        Wei Liu,Zhaoyang Song,Huiquan Miao 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.22 No.3

        Buried pipes are important components of water and gas supply systems. A series of investigations indicate that buried pipes in China suffered serious damages in previous strong earthquakes. Therefore, seismic response analysis and design of buried pipes is an important research topic. In this study, a program is proposed to give the modified factors for segmented pipes in Chinese pipe seismic design code based on the probability Density Evolution Method (PDEM). A stochastic analysis method based on a finite element model of buried pipes and the Probability Density Evolution Method (PDEM) is proposed to determine probability density functions of seismic responses of buried segmented pipes. Then, seismic responses with different guaranteed rates can be derived and adopted for the design of buried pipes in preparation for earthquakes. Stochastic seismic responses of three segmented pipes buried in four sites are calculated using the proposed method. Joint deformations with guaranteed rates of 50%, 80%, 90%, 95%, and 99% are then summarized, and the modified factors for segmented pipes are derived to modify the Chinese code.

      • KCI등재후보

        Reliability of electric power grids under tornadoes

        Wei Liu,Binbin Zhou,Qianxiang Wu,Huiquan Miao 한국풍공학회 2021 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.33 No.4

        Strong wind disasters, especially tornadoes with high damage scales, constantly cause huge damage to electric power grids (EPGs). In this paper, a concept is presented to quantify the connectivity reliability of EPGs under tornadoes. First, a tornado wind field is established using a modified Rankine vortex model, which is a representative 2D tornado wind field model. Second, fragility models of grid components, including transmission substations, transmission support structures, distribution poles, distribution conductors, and local circuits, are introduced. Third, a Monte Carlo simulation is presented to evaluate the connectivity reliability of EPGs under tornadoes. Finally, the connectivity reliability is verified under different scales and propagation angles of tornadoes by taking an actual EPG in China as a case study. Results show that the connectivity reliability directly correlates with the maximum wind speed and the propagation angle of the tornado, and the EPG experiences severe damage when the tornado exceeds the Enhanced Fujita 3 scale.

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