The association between glaucoma and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Xiaoxu Huang,Mengqiao Xu,Minwen Zhou,Wenjia Liu,Xiaohuan Zhao,Xiaodong Sun 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

OBJECTIVES: This population-based, prospective cohort study investigated the association between glaucoma and mortality in older adults. METHODS: Participants aged 45 years or older at baseline (47.9% male) were enrolled in 2011 for the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). All-cause mortality was observed during 7 years of follow-up. The baseline data were collected in the 2011 CHARLS, and participants were followed up for 7 years (until 2018). The risk of all-cause mortality was investigated using Cox proportional-hazards regression with age as the time scale, adjusting for significant risk factors and comorbid conditions. RESULTS: Among the 14,803 participants included, the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher among people with glaucoma than among those without glaucoma, after adjustment for other confounders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 2.03). In a subgroup analysis based on the mean age of death, among those who were 75 years and older (n=1,231), the risk of all-cause death was significantly higher in patients with glaucoma than in those without glaucoma (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.89). CONCLUSIONS: Participants with glaucoma had a higher risk of all-cause mortality, especially those aged 75 years and above. Our findings revealed potential mechanisms underlying an association between glaucoma and all-cause mortality. They also highlighted the importance of glaucoma management to prevent premature death in middle-aged and older adults.

Integrated Planning and Control for Collision-free Trajectory Generation in 3D Environment with Obstacles

Xiaoxue Zhang,Jun Ma,Sunan Huang,Zilong Cheng,Tong Heng Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Control of autonomous robots (ARs) is a hot topic over the past three decades, and motion planning is becoming one of the major challenges in AR control. Substantial works have been done for motion planning in 2-dimensional (2D) environments, but planning in 3D complex environments is still an open problem to be investigated. In this paper, we propose a trajectory planning method to plan a high-quality and safe trajectory in 3-dimensional (3D) environments with multiple obstacles. The proposed method is based on the integration of a global optimal 3D path planner with a local planner. First, a hierarchical path planning algorithm is used as a global path planner to compute a near-optimal path formed by a set of waypoints. Second, a local path trajectory planner is designed to track the path computed by the global path planner with multiple constraints of dynamics and environment satisfied. Finally, simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed trajectory generation approach subject to the constraints of robot physical limits and environmental requirements.

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in Alternaria Species

Houjuan Xu,Xiaoxue Xu,Yujun Wang,비벡바지파이,Lisha Huang,Yongfang Chen,백광현 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.3

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules in the eukaryotic cells. They are involved in many major cell processes in fungi such as stress responses, vegetative growth, pathogenicity,secondary metabolism and cell wall integrity. In this review, we summarized the advances of research on the MAPK signaling pathways in Alternaria species. As major phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria species reduce crop production. In contrast to the five MAPK pathways known in yeast, only three MAPK pathways as Fus3/Kss1-type, Hog1-type, and Slt2-type have been characterized in Alternaria. The Fus3/Kss1-type MAPK pathway participates in regulation of vegetative growth,conidiation, production of some cell-wall-degrading enzymes and pathogenicity. The Hog1-type pathway is involved in osmotic and oxidative stress, fungicides susceptibility and pathogenicity. The Slt2-type MAP kinases play an important role on maintaining cell wall integrity, pathogenicity and conidiation. Although recent advances on the MAPK pathways in Alternaria spp. reveal many important features on the pathogenicity,there are many unsolved problems regarding to the unknown MAP kinase cascade components and network among other major signal transduction. Considering the economic loss induced by Alternaria spp., more researches on the MAPK pathways will need to control the Alternaria diseases.

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in Alternaria Species

Xu, Houjuan,Xu, Xiaoxue,Wang, Yu-Jun,Bajpai, Vivek K.,Huang, Lisha,Chen, Yongfang,Baek, Kwang-Hyun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.3

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules in the eukaryotic cells. They are involved in many major cell processes in fungi such as stress responses, vegetative growth, pathogenicity, secondary metabolism and cell wall integrity. In this review, we summarized the advances of research on the MAPK signaling pathways in Alternaria species. As major phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria species reduce crop production. In contrast to the five MAPK pathways known in yeast, only three MAPK pathways as Fus3/Kss1-type, Hog1-type, and Slt2-type have been characterized in Alternaria. The Fus3/Kss1-type MAPK pathway participates in regulation of vegetative growth, conidiation, production of some cell-wall-degrading enzymes and pathogenicity. The Hog1-type pathway is involved in osmotic and oxidative stress, fungicides susceptibility and pathogenicity. The Slt2-type MAP kinases play an important role on maintaining cell wall integrity, pathogenicity and conidiation. Although recent advances on the MAPK pathways in Alternaria spp. reveal many important features on the pathogenicity, there are many unsolved problems regarding to the unknown MAP kinase cascade components and network among other major signal transduction. Considering the economic loss induced by Alternaria spp., more researches on the MAPK pathways will need to control the Alternaria diseases.

The Compact Pulsed Hadron Source: A Design Perspective

Jie Wei,Huaibi Chen,Cheng Cheng,Qiang Du,Zhe Feng,Xialin Guan,Xiaoxue Han,Tuchen Huang,Renkai Li,Chun K. Loong,Beibei Shao,Chuanxiang Tang,Qingzi Xing,Yigang Yang,Hao Zha,Huayi Zhang,Shuxin Zheng,Bin 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.61

During the past decades, large-scale national neutron sources have been developed in Asia, Europe,and North America. Complementing such efforts, compact hadron beam complexes and neutron sources intended to serve primarily universities and industrial institutes have been proposed,and some have recently been established. Responding to the demand in China for pulsed neutron/proton-beam platforms that are dedicated to fundamental and applied research for users in multiple disciplines from materials characterization to hadron therapy and radiography to accelerator-driven sub-critical reactor systems (ADS) for nuclear waste transmutation, we have initiated the construction of a compact, yet expandable, accelerator complex-the Compact Pulsed Hadron Source (CPHS). It consists of an accelerator front-end (a high-intensity ion source, a 3-MeV radio-frequency quadrupole linac (RFQ), and a 13-MeV drift-tube linac (DTL)), a neutron target station (a beryllium target with solid methane and room-temperature water moderators/reflector),and experimental stations for neutron imaging/radiography, small-angle scattering, and proton irradiation. In the future, the CPHS may also serve as an injector to a ring for proton therapy and radiography or as the front end to an ADS test facility. In this paper, we describe the design of the CPHS technical systems and its intended operation.

The association between obesity and glaucoma in older adults: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Zhao Xiaohuan,Bo Qiyu,Sun Junran,Chen Jieqiong,Li Tong,Huang Xiaoxu,Zhou Minwen,Wang Jing,Liu Wenjia,Sun Xiaodong 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

Objectives: This study evaluated the association between obesity and glaucoma in middle-aged and older people. A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Methods: Glaucoma was assessed via self-reports. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and a Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess the relationship between obesity and glaucoma risk.Results: Older men living in urban areas who were single, smokers, and non-drinkers were found to have a significantly higher incidence of glaucoma (all P<0.05). Diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease were also associated with higher glaucoma risk, while dyslipidemia was associated with lower risk (all P<0.05). After the model was adjusted for demographic, socio-economic, and health-related variables, obesity was significantly associated with a 10.2% decrease in glaucoma risk according to the Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio, 0.898; 95% CI, 0.829-0.973) and an 11.8% risk reduction in the multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 0.882; 95% CI, 0.803-0.968). A further subgroup analysis showed that obesity was associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma in people living in rural areas, in smokers, and in those with kidney disease (all P<0.05). Obesity also reduced glaucoma risk in people with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia more than in healthy controls (all P<0.05).Conclusions: This cohort study suggests that obesity was associated with a reduced risk of glaucoma, especially in rural residents, smokers, and people with kidney disease. Obesity exerted a stronger protective effect in people with diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia than in healthy people.