Electrical Polarization Characteristics and BSA Binding Capability of Hydrothermally Treated CaTiO₃ Powder

Hong SB,Seo YW,Jeong SH,Kim JW,Park YJ,Song HJ 대한치과재료학회 2011 대한치과기재학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

서울시 일원의 인공유산의 최근동향

홍성봉(SB Hong) 대한산부인과학회 1979 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.22 No.9

우리나라의 인공유산에 관한 최근자료에 의하면 1976년도에 전국에서 약 50만건의 인공유산이 실시된 것으로 보고된 바 있으나 저자가 실시한 1977년 10월부터 1978년 3월에 이르는 6개월간의 서울전역의 인공유산시술의의 실태조사에 따르면 해당년도에 서울 시내에서만 약 53만건의 인공유산이 실시된 것으로 추정되었다. 이 추정치가 보다 현실을 반영한 것이라고 본다면 전국에서의 인공유산수는 최소한 100만건 이상으로 추산함이 타당하다고 보아야 하겠다. 이러한 인공유산 추정치의 차이는 1) 조사시점의 차 2) 인공유산경험자의 과소보고와, 3) 자료제공자가 판이한대 기인한 것으로 추측되며 본조사를 제외한 자료는 공히 인공유산소비자조사(Consumer Survey)이었으며 특히 기혼부인을 대상으로 하였던 것에 반하여 보조사자료는 공급자를 조사대상으로 하였다는 점에 인하는 것이다. 인공유산유경험자의 인구학적 배경에 관한 기존자료는 일률적으로 30대 이상의 기혼부인으로서 수명의 자녀가 있는 경우가 그 특성이었으나 조사대상자선택기준변경으로 혼전임신 또는 약년층의 인공유산실태가 새로이 포함된 것이다. 또 기존노리성의 상존함에 비해 성행위의 현실과의 격차가 있었기에 소비자조사로는 약년층의 인공유산에 관한 자료는 그 정확을 기하기 어려웠던 것인데 시술의조사로서 기혼부조사에서의 사각지대에 대한 조사를 할 수 있게 된 것이다.

임산부의 임신중 생활실태에 관한 관찰 ( IV )

홍성봉(SB Hong),박인서(IS Park),김승욱(SW Kim),곽현모(HM Kwak),박재현(JH Bark) 대한산부인과학회 1980 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.23 No.1

이미 보고한 바 서울시내 5개 의료기관을 순방한 5,000여명의 임부의 임신기간중의 일상 신체활동양상과 임신중의 직업관계, 약물복용 및 흡연실태 등을 조사한 바를 보고한 바이다. This paper is produced grom the data by interviewing exoectant mothers at 5 medical institutes in Seoul during the period of 20 months between February, 1975 and September, 1976, aiming primarily to elucidate possible association between induced abortion and the outcome of the subsequent pregnancies. Women attending antenatal clinics were interviewed twice before deliverisd and twice afterward. At the first contact 5,843 women were interviewed and 5,024 at the second between 24 and 32 weeks of their gestation periods. This paper is mostlt focussed on behaviors during their pregnancies and main results are summarized as following: 1.As shown in Table 1, 42.3 percent of women sit mostly, 47.5 percent half sit and half walk. the remainder, 10.2 percent mostly sit and walk in pregnancy. The proportion of women sitting mostly from extended family surpasses those from nuclear familt by 7.3 percent, which is probably due to the heavier household works among the former. Women sitting mostly are more often among those in twin pregnancies than singleton whereas those walking or standing mostly show more frequent occurrence of hypertension and edema, probably associated with their lower socio-economic backgrounds. The similarity is found with puerperal complication. 2.At the first interview about one-fourth of women is found to be gainfully em- ployed wgicgis reduced to one-sixth at the second interview. As illustrated in Table 2, collge graduate continues to wof=rk in 22.6 percent, middle or high school level 9.8 percent and primary scheel level 17.5 percent respectively. During the pregnancy, about 5 percent of women is enhahed in either heavy work or handling dust or chemicals, and appears to result in complications and malformations of their newborn more often than others.(see Table 3) 3.During the preganacy 27.4 percent of women experiences either surgical opera= tion, roentgen examination, inoculation or ultrasonic proxedure without an appreciable difference in outcome of preganacy and morbidity of the neqborns. 4.Women during pergnancy take medication for the therapeutic reasons in two -fifths. Multipara tends to take medicine less often compared to primigravida or women with experience of induced abortion in the past(See Table 4). 5.In Korea, smoker among expectant mothers is negligible(0.6%).

유산

홍성봉(SB Hong) 대한산부인과학회 1973 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.16 No.5

유산은 산부인과 영역에서 임신전반기에 발생하는 출혈성임신합병증의 대표적인 것이다. 그러나 유산으로 인한 출혈은 임상적으로는 임신후반기 또는 분만을 전후한 출혈의 양상에 비하면 비교적 경미한 출혈이나 임상가로서는 흔히 조우하는 효과로서 출혈의 제목하에 유산문제를 다루어 보는 것은 의의가 있는 것이다. 유산의 정의를 임신기간으로 보아서는 20주 이전에 임신이 중절되는 경우를 칭하나 학자에 따라 또는 법 률상의 규정에 따라서는 28주까지를 유산으로 정의하는 경우가 있다. 대체로, 20주 이전의 임신산물의 중 량은 500gm 이하이며 자궁외 생존가능성이 없는 것으로 규정되어 있다. 그러나 근소한 예에서는 500gm 이하의 태아가 생존하였다는 예가 보고는 되어 있다. 20-28주 사이는 미숙산이라고 칭하며 태아체중은 500 내지 999gm에 해당되는 것이다. 이 기간중에 중절된 태아는 생존가능성이 있다고 보는 것이다. 유산이 자연히 발생된 경우를 자연유산이라 칭하며 인위적으로 중절된 경우를 인공유산이라 칭한다. 인공 유산은 다시 의학적 이유로 모체의 건강상 임신중절하는 경우를 의학적 유산이라고 칭하며 기타 사회경제 적 등의 이유로 한 경우를 비의학적 유산, 만일 유산이 감염증을 합병한 경우는 감염성유산(septic abortion)이라고 칭한다. 자연유산은 총 임신의 10% 내외로 보고되어 있으며 인공유산은 국가에 따라 상 당한 차이가 있어서 한국의 경우는 인공유산의 경험률은 최근 성적에 의하면 서울에서는 약 40%, 중도시 에서는 33%, 농촌에서 19% 인공유산의 경험을 가지고 있다.

인공유산시술의의 실태조사

홍성봉(SB Hong) 대한산부인과학회 1978 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.21 No.11

Since the governmental policy toward family planning laid solid foundation in 1961, practice of induced abortion has become steadily rising trends and several surveys on induced abortion have been carried out. However, the sources of information are collected from housewives in the reproductive ages. This paper is the results of the survey based on the inberviews of providers of induced abortion. Thus, scope of information encompasses all age groups, regardless of marital status of abortees. Furthermore medical aspects of abortion are elucidated through the responses of providers. The survey was conducted by interviewing each providers at clinics and hospitals where induced abortion was practiced for five months between October, 1977 and March, 1978. The results are as follows: 1. Backgrounds of Providers: 1) Medical facilities where induced abortion was provided numbered 726 in Seoul. Of which 684(94.2%) is private clinics and 41(5.6%) being hospitals. These medical facilities correspond 33.4% of all those located in seoul, however, about 15 percent in the core of city and about one-half in peripheral regions of the city. 2) The sex ratio of induced abortion providers is about 2 to 1, whereas that of all practitioners in Korea being 5 to 1, implying higher participation of female practitioners in induced abortion practice than in orher medical specialties. 3) Providers in forties comprises one-half of all. Those beyond age of fifty is 29.6 percent contrasted with that of all practitioners 46.6 percent. Thus, induced abortion providers tend to be younger than other medical specialties. 4) Year of experience in practice is 11.4 years on average. 5) As to medical school graduated, one-third of providers are from Korea University, 17.2 percent from Seoul National University, 10.7 percent from Ewha Womens University, and 7.4 percent from Yonsei University respectively. 6) Of providers, specialists in obstetrics and gynecology constitutes 39.2 percent, and the non-specialist about 60 percent. In downtown area provi

도시가임기여성의 사망실태에 관한 조사 ( II ) - 사망진단서와 유가족면접조사에 의한 역학적 검토

홍성봉(SB Hong),구도서(DS Koo) 대한산부인과학회 1969 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.12 No.2

In part I the senior author reported on the causes of death of women of reproductive ages in Seoul, as obtained by a review of medical records in eleven principal hospitals. Although there are some abvantages since more medical detail can be found in the records of hospital deaths, results thus obtained can hardly. be considered to represent the pattern of deaths in the general population. In order to complement the shortcomings of data from medical records the alternative approach of studying the death certificates of women of reproductive ages was attemped. All death certificates of women between the ages of 15 and 50 at the time of death which were submitted to Dong (district) offices in Seoul for burial or cremation permits were reviewed. Following transcription of all items from the death certificates of the dead ware traced and interviewed by female interviewers between May 1968 and July 1968 using a specially prepared questionnaire. From among 1900 death certificates 690 cases were interviewed. Of the remaining, 1,210 cases, 380 cases were accidental derths which were omitted intentionally from interview, 801 cases could not be located because of out-migration or inadequate addresses and 29 cases were not interviewed foor pther reasons. The interviewers contacted a disproportionatey slmaller number of the survivors of women aged 15-19 and 20-24 than among the overall group of 1,900 deaths (Table 1). Proportuinately 2.4% less of the 15-19 year old`s survivors and 4.8% less of the 20-24 year old`s survivors were located and interviewed. In addition the age goup 45-49 was over-reoresrnted with a higher proportion of interviewed actually performed (22.6%) than in the general group. Therefore the results obtained from the cases interviewed could be generalized to all deaths. somewhat more precisely if an adjustment for this uneven non-respones were made, however this is awkward. Results obtain ed from 1,900 death certificates and the survey based on 690 cases interviewed are summarized as follows: 1. Leading causes of death among women in the reproductive ages based on 1,900 death cetificates are tuberculosis 16.3%, suicide 15.2%, cancer 11%, lesions affecting central nervous system 8.8%, and maternal death 6.7% (Table 2). Similarity in the pattern for leading causes of death was also found among those interviewed except for accidental death which was intentionally omitted from the interview. 2. As to age at death, age 45-49 years old constitutes 18.8% of the total deaths, age 20-24 15.1% and age 15-19 9.6%, the lowest of all (See Table 2). 3.The leading cause of death is tuberculosis which maintains the first order of frequency among women from ages 25-34 years old, the second order of death is suicide, 15.2% of the total, which is the most frequent cause of death for women aged 15-24 years and the second most frequent for women 25-34 years of age. Cancer, the third most frequent cause of death overall, becomes the second most frequent with advancing age at 45-49 years old. About one third of deaths due to cancer occur between ages 45-49. Maternal death in fifth in the age range 20-34 years. 3. Results of interviews reveal that in the lower economic class tuberculosis and renal disease are relatively more prominent, whereas in the upper economic class frequency of cancer and maternal death are somewhat higher (Table 3). 4. As shown in Table4, 63.9% of the total cases died at home, 25.4% at general hospitals, and 2.9% at private clinics. When cross tabulated with age at death, the proportion of deaths at home increases with advancing age: about one half of women aged less than 24 died at home while 76.8% of those between 45 and 49 died at home.

서울시내 5개종합병원의 임산부의 인구학적 산과학적 배경

홍성봉(SB Hong),김승욱(SW Kim),곽현모(HM Kwak),권순욱(SW Kwon),이재현(JH Lee),이원기(WK Lee),박인서(IS Park) 대한산부인과학회 1978 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.21 No.4

* This investigation received financial support from the World Health Organization. * 본 논문의 요지는 1977년 10월 7일 제 40차 대한산부인과학회 학술대회에서 발표하였음. 1)고려대학교 의과대학, 2)국립서울대학교 의과대학, 3)연세대학교 의과대학, 4)5)6)경희대학교 의과대학, 7)국립의료원 Changes in the value system among Korean along with the remarkable socioeconomic development during the last three decades ever since the out-break of Korean conflicts in 1950 have ushered in nationwide movement toward family limitation. Its consequence is obviously being reflected on the reproductive patterns of Korean couples. This paper is to clarify the recent changes in reproductive pattern in terms of demographic and obstetric backgrounds of Korean wives who attended five antenatal clinics of four university hospitals and one government hospital. Primary purpose of the study was intended to investigate possible effect of induced abortion on the outcome of subsequent pregnancies. The study was carried out by interviewing the pregnant women during pregnancy and after its termination in prospective fashion. The period of contack encompassed from February, 1975 to May, 1977. Each individual was contacted twice in pregnancy and after childbirth respectively. The results obtained from the first interview of 5,843 women at antenatal clinics are as follows: 1) Women attending antenatal clinics comprises of 19 years or less for 0.2%, 20-24 years for 20.1%, 25-29 years for 57.9%, 30-34 years for 18.5%, and 35-39 years for 2.9%. Thus, women in 20s represents 78.0% of all samples. Of these primigravidae is 36.5%, while multiparae 54.3% of the total. In comparison of women 10 years earlier in Seoul, the proportion of pregnant women in 30s were 37% instead of 22.8% of the present level which is mirroring the earlier limitation of family size by much shortened reproductive activities. 2) As to educational attainments of pregnant women, the proportion of wives completed middle or high school and college are 51.8% and 43.1% respectively, whereas the comparable educational levels among wives in Seoul are 45% and 5%. Therefore, the samples appear to be representative of women in much higher socioeconomic strata of Seoulite. 3) All women have experienced 1.5 pregnancies on average in their past, while among those ever experi

난소암의 조기진단

홍성봉(SB Hong) 대한산부인과학회 1973 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.16 No.9

난소암은 10만 인구당 10 내지 18명의 발생빈도로 보고되어 있으며 모성암의 3%를 차지하고 있다. 1964년 New York의 사인보고에 의하면 자궁경부암으로 인한 사망보다 난소암으로 인한 사망 부인수가 더욱 증가되고 있다고 한다. 이 사실은 난소암치료의 해결을 못 본 까닭에 조기진단에 의존할 수 밖에 없다는 현실을 시사하는 것이다. 그런데 난소암의 조기발견이 지난한 이유로서는 1) 난소암의 조기발견이 유일한 방도는 pelvic mass의 진 단인데 허다한 경우 기능성 난소종양을 제외하고는 그 조기발견은 임상적으로 난제로 되어 있으며 심지어 난소암의 말기에서도 난소의 이와같은 소견이 뚜렷하지 않은 경우가 허다한 것이다. 2) 난소암의 증상 또 는 증후가 비특이적이며 다양 한데 있으며 3) 난소암의 발병은 대단히 완서하여 난소암수술당시 병변이 난 소에 국한된 경우는 30%에 불과하며 또 초진당시 20 내지 80%는 말기에 해당한 경우라고 한다. 4) 난소암 은 양성난소종양으로부터 예기치 않은 사이에 악성화할 수 있다는 사실등이다.

쌍태임신에 관한 임상적 고찰

홍순배(SB Hong),이상용(SR Lee),박찬규(CK Park),곽현모(HM Kwak) 대한산부인과학회 1979 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.22 No.5

1. 1967년 1월 1일부터 1976년 12월 31일까지 만 10년간 연세대학 부속 세브란스병원에서 입원하여 분만한 20,335예중 쌍태아분만은 264예로서 그 발생빈도는 1:77.02이였다. 2. 쌍태임신의 진단은 주로 임상적 복부촉진과 청진(49.62%)으로 하였고, X선 촬영으로 진단한 경우가 34.09%이였다. 3. 쌍태임신의 평균 임신기간은 37.26±3.95주이고, 산전관리를 받은 군에서는 37.43±3.17주, 받지 않은 군에서는 36.93±4.04주이였다. 쌍태임신을 분만전에 진단하였던 군에서는 37.28±3.50주, 분만중에 진단하였던 군에서는 34.50±4.43주로서 쌍태임신에서는 철저한 산전관리를 하여 조기진단을 함으로써 임신기간을 연장할 수 있다. 4. 쌍태임신에서 신생아평균체중은 2325g.이며 제1아 2380g., 제2아 2270g.이었다. 쌍태임신진단을 분만전에 하였던 246예는 분만중에 하였던 18예보다 신생아의 평균체중이 무거웠으며, 산전관리를 받았던 171예는 받지 않은 93예보다 신생아평균체중이 무거웠다. 5. 분만방법은 자연 두위분만이 제1아 50.76%, 제2아 42.42%로써 가장 많았고 제왕절개수술은 14.39%에서 시행하였다. 6. 제왕절개술의 적응증은 진통의 이상이 34.21%로 가장 많았다. 7. 1분 Apgar치에서는 제2아가 제1아보다 낮았으며 5분 Apgar치에서는 제1아와 제2아에서 별차이가 없었다. 분만방법과의 관계에서 보면 감자분만에서 가장 높았고, 자연두위분만, 제왕절개술의 순위이었다. 임신기간과의 관계에서 보면 37주 이상군이 36주 이하군보다 현저히 높았으며 신생아체중이 무거울수록 Apgar치는 높았다. 8. 주산기사망률은 평균 14.77%였으며 제1아 12.50%, 제2아 17.05%이였다. 15세∼19세군과 49세이후군 즉 고위험률 임신연령군에서 각각 50.00%로 가장 높은 주산기사망률을 나타내었다. 태아 및 신생아 사망 원인은 조산이 44.87%로서 수위를 점하였다. 기왕분만횟수가 증가할수록 주산기 사망률은 높았고, 임신기간이 연장될수록, 신생아체중이 무거울수록 주산기사망률은 낮았다. 분만방법과의 관계에서 제왕절개술이 가장 낮은 주산기사망률을 나타내었고, 산전관리를 받은 경우와 분만전에 진단을 하였던 경우 즉 철저한 산전관리에 의한 조기진단을 받은 경우에서 주산기 사망률이 낮았다. In order to study twin pregancies, a retrospective survey was carried out in Yonsei University, Severance Hospital. Twin deliveries during 1967-1976 numbered altogether 264, and their relative frequency was 1.30%. Clinical palpation in addition to auscultation and roentgenologic technique had been used in the twin diagnsis. The diagnosis was made prior to delivery in 93. 18% of the cases. The deliveries took place in the 37.26th(S.D. 3.95) gestational weeks on an average. The mean weights of the infants were-A(first baby) 2416.03g.(S.D.802.61), and B(second baby) 2299.81g(S.D. 190.31). The most common manner of twin delivery was spontaneous vaginal delivery. Cesarean section was done in 14.39%, of which the most common indication was hypotonic uterine dysfunction(34.21%). Low one minute Apgar scores occured more often in B twins than among A twins. Breech delivery gave low one minute Apgar scores more often than did spontaneous vertex delivery in both twins. Full term twins and infants weighing more than 2500g. had fewer low one minute Apgar scores than the preterm infants and those with low birth weight. Perinatal mortality(PNM) in the total series was 14.77%(A 12.50% and B 17.05%). The most common cause of perinatal mortality was prematurity in 44.87%. The worst outcome was recorded for the age groups 15-19 and 40, in which perinatal mortality were 50.00%, respectively. The perinatal mortality of both A and B infants was lowest in the group diagnosed early during antenatal care before delivery. On the basis of our findings, we wish to emphasize particularly the importance of the early diagnosis of twins.

한국의 분만양상에 관한 고찰 (IV) - 출산순위 및 출산성비 -

홍성봉(SB Hong) 대한산부인과학회 1989 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.32 No.6

1. Along with increasing practice of fertility control the proportion of the first childbirth of all births has been steadily increased fro one-thirds(34.4%) in 1976, two-fifths (40.9%) in 1981, and to one-half(51.4%) in 1985. Accordingly the proportion of childbirths beyond the third of birth order has becom much smaller (10.3%) in 1985, compared with the figure of 36.3% in 1976 . Thus one-tenths of mothers gave birth more than three in 1985. 2. Likewise tho proportion of mothers beyond age of thirties who gave birth has been decreasing from one-fourths (25.0%) on-sixths(17.1%) and one-tenths(10.4%) respectively at each calendar year above mentioned , In short 90 percent of all births in 1985 occurred among mothers in their 20s. 3. Sex ratios at each birth orders ranges from 107 to 109 during the period 1976-1980 and is somewhat inversely associated with age of mothers. However the trends is reverased in datas for the period 1981-1985. 4. Sex ratios by birth order ranges from 106 to 107 for the period 1976-1980 whereas the ratios for the period 1981-1985 increases along with the high birth order. 5. Sex ratios at third birth or beyond shows astoundingly high for births registered in 1985 particularly in the south-east region of Korean Peninsula, ranging from 140 to 500. The phenomena is likely to be suggestive of surgical intervention for selective procedures during antenatal period, which should be condemned and rectified.