Kindergarten - a Universal Right for Children in Norway

Kristin Holte Haug,Jan Storø 육아정책연구소 2013 International Journal of Child Care and Education Vol.7 No.2

The article is divided into three parts. In part 1 the Norwegian kindergarten is introduced. We present some facts and the purpose of the kindergarten as it appears in state documents. We also describe a historical backdrop. In part 2 we present some issues crucial to understanding how the relationship between kindergartens and the Norwegian state. Drawing on research, we discuss a number of key concepts. In part 3 we discuss debates in Norway about the content of the kindergarten, how it is to be staffed and related issues about the quality of kindergarten education and care.

Self-Reported Recovery from 2-Week 12-Hour Shift Work Schedules: A 14-Day Follow-Up

Merkus, Suzanne L.,Holte, Kari Anne,Huysmans, Maaike A.,van de Ven, Peter M.,van Mechelen, Willem,van der Beek, Allard J. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.3

Background: Recovery from fatigue is important in maintaining night workers' health. This study compared the course of self-reported recovery after 2-week 12-hour schedules consisting of either night shifts or swing shifts (i.e., 7 night shifts followed by 7 day shifts) to such schedules consisting of only day work. Methods: Sixty-one male offshore employees-20 night workers, 16 swing shift workers, and 25 day workers-rated six questions on fatigue (sleep quality, feeling rested, physical and mental fatigue, and energy levels; scale 1-11) for 14 days after an offshore tour. After the two night-work schedules, differences on the $1^{st}$ day (main effects) and differences during the follow-up (interaction effects) were compared to day work with generalized estimating equations analysis. Results: After adjustment for confounders, significant main effects were found for sleep quality for night workers (1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.89) and swing shift workers (1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.94) when compared to day workers; their interaction terms were not statistically significant. For the remaining fatigue outcomes, no statistically significant main or interaction effects were found. Conclusion: After 2-week 12-hour night and swing shifts, only the course for sleep quality differed from that of day work. Sleep quality was poorer for night and swing shift workers on the $1^{st}$ day off and remained poorer for the 14-day follow-up. This showed that while working at night had no effect on feeling rested, tiredness, and energy levels, it had a relatively long-lasting effect on sleep quality.

Self-Reported Recovery from 2-Week 12-Hour Shift Work Schedules: A 14-Day Follow-Up

Suzanne L. Merkus,Kari Anne Holte,Maaike A. Huysmans,Peter M. van de Ven,Willem van Mechelen,Allard J. van der Beek 한국산업안전공단 산업안전보건연구원 2015 Safety and health at work Vol.6 No.3

Background: Recovery from fatigue is important in maintaining night workers’ health. This study compared the course of self-reported recovery after 2-week 12-hour schedules consisting of either night shifts or swing shifts (i.e., 7 night shifts followed by 7 day shifts) to such schedules consisting of only day work. Methods: Sixty-one male offshore employeesd20 night workers, 16 swing shift workers, and 25 day workersdrated six questions on fatigue (sleep quality, feeling rested, physical and mental fatigue, and energy levels; scale 1e11) for 14 days after an offshore tour. After the two night-work schedules, differences on the 1st day (main effects) and differences during the follow-up (interaction effects) were compared to day work with generalized estimating equations analysis. Results: After adjustment for confounders, significant main effects were found for sleep quality for night workers (1.41, 95% confidence interval 1.05e1.89) and swing shift workers (1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.03e1.94) when compared to day workers; their interaction terms were not statistically significant. For the remaining fatigue outcomes, no statistically significant main or interaction effects were found. Conclusion: After 2-week 12-hour night and swing shifts, only the course for sleep quality differed from that of day work. Sleep quality was poorer for night and swing shift workers on the 1st day off and remained poorer for the 14-day follow-up. This showed that while working at night had no effect on feeling rested, tiredness, and energy levels, it had a relatively long-lasting effect on sleep quality.

Occupational Safety and Health Among Young Workers in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Therese N. Hanvold,Pete Kines,Mikko Nykänen,Sara Thomée,Kari A. Holte,Jukka Vuori,Morten Wærsted,Kaj B. Veiersted 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.1

This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.

Occupational Safety and Health Among Young Workers in the Nordic Countries: A Systematic Literature Review

Hanvold, Therese N.,Kines, Pete,Nykanen, Mikko,Thomee, Sara,Holte, Kari A.,Vuori, Jukka,Waersted, Morten,Veiersted, Kaj B. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.1

This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.

Isolation and characterization of a hemin-binding cell envelope protein from Porphyromonas gingivalis

Kim, Sung-Jo,Chu, L.,Holt, S.C. 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1996 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.12 No.-

Kim, S. J. (Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78284, U.S.A.), L. Chu and S. C. Holt. Isolation and characterization of a hemin-binding cell envelope protein from Porphyromonas gingivalis. Microbial Pathiogenesis 1996; 21, 65-70. A 30 kDa (heated 24 kDa) hemin-binding protein whose expression is both hemin and iron regulated was identified and purified in Porphyromonas gingivalis 381. A strong hemin binding function was found by LDS-PAGE and TMBZ staining when cells were grown under hemin (iron)-limited conditions. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of CNBr-digested 24 kDa hemin binding protein revealed that this protein belongs to a new, so far undescribed hemin-binding class of proteins.

Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen

Holt, Kathryn E.,Thieu Nga, Tran Vu,Thanh, Duy Pham,Vinh, Ha,Kim, Dong Wook,Vu Tra, My Phan,Campbell, James I.,Hoang, Nguyen Van Minh,Vinh, Nguyen Thanh,Minh, Pham Van,Thuy, Cao Thu,Nga, Tran Thi Thu National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.43

<P><I>Shigella sonnei</I> is a human-adapted pathogen that is emerging globally as the dominant agent of bacterial dysentery. To investigate local establishment, we sequenced the genomes of 263 Vietnamese <I>S. sonnei</I> isolated over 15 y. Our data show that <I>S. sonnei</I> was introduced into Vietnam in the 1980s and has undergone localized clonal expansion, punctuated by genomic fixation events through periodic selective sweeps. We uncover geographical spread, spatially restricted frontier populations, and convergent evolution through local gene pool sampling. This work provides a unique, high-resolution insight into the microevolution of a pioneering human pathogen during its establishment in a new host population.</P>

Identification of a functional hotspot on ubiquitin required for stimulation of methyltransferase activity on chromatin

Holt, Matthew T.,David, Yael,Pollock, Sam,Tang, Zhanyun,Jeon, Jongcheol,Kim, Jaehoon,Roeder, Robert G.,Muir, Tom W. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.33

콩의 다음천년을 위한 건강식품으로서의 전망

Holt, Stephen 한국콩연구회 1997 韓國콩硏究會誌 Vol.14 No.1

건강식픔으로의 콩식품의 역할은 서구사회속에 급격히 빠르게 알려져 오고 일다. 그동안 서구사회속에서의 유제품외 만연으로 인해 그로인한 각종 심장질환등의 건강을 해지는 주역활을 해왔던 것이다. 그 주된원인은 유제품속의 콜레스테롤과 포화지방산의 다량함유에 기인한다. 그러므로 서양의 여러단체에서는 이러한 유제품을 대체하는데 두유와 콩제품을 권장하고 있다. 콩단백질은 영양적차원에서 유제품의 그것과 유사하고 콩에는 콜레스테롤이 없다. 특히 두유와 기타 콩식품종에 함유된 콩 아이소플라본(Isoflavones)은 각종 만성질환예방에 매우 효과적이라고 발표되어지고 있다. 콩 아이소플라본이야말로 인간에게 가장 다양한 유익효과를 지닌 생리활성물질로 알려지고 있다. 이처럼 다음 천년을 내다보는 우리에게는 기존의 동물성단백질을 식물성단백질로 대체하며 또한 식물성화합물의 섭취를 위해 콩의 섭취를 늘려야 한다는 논의가 대두되고 있다. 이같이 콩식품이 다음천년을 이끌어갈 인류건강식품이라는 데는 많은 증거가 발견, 발표되고 있다.

Soya;The Health Food of the Next Millennium

Holt, Stephen 한국콩연구회 1997 韓國콩硏究會誌 Vol.14 No.1

The health benefits of soy food have become increasingly recognized in Western society. The prevalence of dairy products in the Western diet has been implicated as a significant dietary risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This risk is related to the high load of cholesterol and saturated fat that is presented in dairy produce. Several agencies in Western society have started to propose soymilk and other soy foods as potential, more healthful substitutes for dairy produce. Soy protein appears to be equivalent in its nutrient to dairy protein and it is devoid of cholesterol. The association of soy isoflavones with soy protein in soymilk anal soy food has hen perceived as particularly ideal fear potential disease prevention. Soy isoflavones are among the most versatile and potent biologicals known to humans and they possess diverse health-diving benefits. A discussion of the inclusion of phytochemicals into a soy diet that has its basis in vegetable protein, rather than animal protein, is one of the most significant debates in human nutrition as we approach the next millennium. Considerable evidence has accured that soy foods may represent the food of the next millennium.