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Jang, Hohyoun,Hong, Taehoon,Yoo, Jiho,Lee, Soonho,Pyo, Jaeseung,Sutradhar, Sabuj Chandra,Ju, Hyunchul,Kim, Whangi Elsevier 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.41
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A series of sulfonated polyphenylene membranes (SPBCDPEs) containing conjugated tetraphenylethylene moieties were synthesized via Ni(0) catalyzed polymerization, and subsequent sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. These membranes showed improved performance in ion exchange capacity, water uptake, proton conductivity, and thermal stability over Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP> membranes. The membranes' thermal properties were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and also surface morphologies were assessed by atomic force microscope (AFM). SPBCDPEs may have applications as fuel cell membranes due to excellent proton conductivity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We synthesized sulfonated polyphenylene containing conjugated structure. </LI> <LI> We controlled the degree of sulfonation by BCDPE monomer. </LI> <LI> Increasing sulfonation level increases proton conductivity. </LI> <LI> Membranes showed good performance with high proton conductivity. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Sulfonated carbon–carbon structured copolymers (SPBCDPEs) are described: A series of sulfonated polyphenylene membranes (SPBCDPEs) containing conjugated tetraphenylethylene moieties were synthesized via Ni(0) catalyzed polymerization, and subsequent sulfonation with concentrated sulfuric acid. The proposed polymer membranes, without ether linkages, demonstrated good chemical stability, proton conductivity, and solubility in aprotic organic solvents.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Preparation and Characterization of Anti-Scratch Polycarbonate Containing Acrylate Group
Jang, Hohyoun,Sutradhar, Sabuj Chandra,Ryu, Taewook,Choi, Kunyoung,Yoon, Sujin,Lee, Sungkwun,Kim, Whangi American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.10
<P>Polycarbonate copolymers containing valeric ester were synthesized from bisphenol A and valeric acid as the comonomer by the interfacial polymerization. The oligomer was synthesized from an aqueous bisphenol A and valeric acid in sodium hydroxide solution with solution of tetra butyl ammonium chloride (TBAC) in water (85%) as the phase transfer catalyst (PTC) and triphosgene in methylene chloride, followed by further reaction with triethylamine (TEA) to increase the molecular weight. The valeric acid groups were converted into the acrylate form by substitution reaction with iodomethane. The chemical structure and thermal properties of copolycarbonates were measured by H-1-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the surface morphologies were assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the contact angle measurement of a sessile water drop onto the polymer firms was also performed. The hardness increased from 6B for linear polycarbonate to 45B grades of the copolymer films (100 mu m).</P>
New multi-phenylene polymer electrolyte containing hexabenzocoronene interior for PEMFC
Lim, Youngdon,Lee, Soonho,Jang, Hohyoun,Yoo, Jiho,Ha, Jaeseong,Ju, Hyunchul,Hong, Taewhan,Kim, Whangi Elsevier 2015 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.40 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s containing hexabenzocoronene moiety that is partial graphene structure (SPGHPs) for polymer electrolyte membrane were synthesized and characterized their properties. Graphene is predicted to have remarkable properties, such as high thermal conductivity, superior mechanical properties and excellent electronic transport properties. We apply the advantages of graphene properties to polymer electrolyte membranes for improve the durability and performance. Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s containing hexaphenyls on polymer backbone were synthesized by polycondensation and followed intra-cyclization by friedel–craft reaction with lewis acid (FeCl<SUB>3</SUB>) to form partial graphene structure. The sulfonation was taken selectively on hexabenzocoronen units with concentrated sulfuric acid. The structure properties of the sulfonated polymers were investigated by <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR spectroscopy. The resulted ion exchange capacities (IEC) were 1.09–1.61 meq./g. The water uptakes were 8.84–15.27% at 30 °C and 18.27%∼42.38% at 80 °C with changing the ion exchange capacities. The SPGHP membranes exhibit proton conductivities (80 °C, RH 90) of 78.3–105.7 mS/cm compared with 106.2 mS/cm of Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We synthesize new polymer electrolyte containing hexabenzocoronene moieties. </LI> <LI> We control degree of sulfonation by hexabenzocoronene moiety. </LI> <LI> Increasing sulfonation level increases proton conductivity. </LI> <LI> Membranes have good performance with chemically stability. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>A series of PGHPs were synthesized by polycondensation and followed intra-cyclization by friedel–craft reaction with lewis acid (FeCl<SUB>3</SUB>) to form partial graphene structure. Graphene is predicted to have remarkable properties, such as high thermal conductivity, superior mechanical properties and excellent electronic transport properties. Compared with Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP> membrane, these SPGHPs show comparable IECs from 1.09 to 1.61 meq./g, water uptake from 18.27 to 42.38%, proton conductivity from 78.3 to 105.7 mS/cm, maximum power densities from 528 to 631 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and high thermal stability. The proton conductivity and power density of SPGHP 25 was almost same to Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP>. These results showed that the morphology of polymer matrix greatly affected the cell performance, and membrane contained graphene structure have excellent dimensional stability in spite of high IEC.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Ahmed, Faiz,Sutradhar, Sabuj Chandra,Ryu, Taewook,Jang, Hohyoun,Choi, Kunyoung,Yang, Hanmo,Yoon, Sujin,Rahman, Md. Mahbubur,Kim, Whangi Pergamon Press 2018 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.43 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Branched and linear sulfonated poly(phenylene)s (BSPs and LSPs, respectively) polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) containing benzophenone moiety were successfully synthesized and the performance of the LSPs and BSPs were compared in conjunction with Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP>. The LSPs and BSPs were synthesized by the CC coupling polymerization reaction between 1,4-dichloro-2,5-dibenzoylbenzene (PBP) and 1,4-dichloro-2-benzoylbenzene, and from PBP, 1,4-dichloro-2-benzoylbenzene, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (branching agent), respectively. The degree of sulfonation in both LSPs and BSPs were controlled by varying the concentrations of chlorosulfonic acid and the structures of the resultant PEMs were confirmed by <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR spectroscopy. The optimal LSP (LSP-2) and BSP (BSP-2) PEMs showed excellent chemical stability due to the absence of ether linkages in the polymer backbone, while the BSP-2 exhibited better proton conductivity (94.6 mS/cm under 90% relative humidity at 80 °C), water resistivity, and lower dimensional changes compared to the LSP-2, which is comparable to Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP>. The maximum power density for BSP-2 and LSP-2 were 0.60 and 0.49 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively, while it was 0.62 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP>. Membrane properties were studied with regard to ion exchange capacity, dimensional stability, proton conductivity, thermogravimetric analysis, and water uptake. The surface morphology of membranes was also analyzed by atomic force microscope.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Branched and linear sulfonated (BSP and LSP, respectively) polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) were synthesized. </LI> <LI> The properties and the performance of the synthesized PEMs were compared in conjunction with Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP>. </LI> <LI> The optimal BSP showed better proton conductivity, physical, and chemical stability than LSPs. </LI> <LI> The power density in fuel cells based on optimized BSP, LSP, and Nafion 211<SUP>®</SUP> were 0.60, 0.49 and 0.62 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, respectively. </LI> </UL> </P>