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Cheol-Hyung Lee,Yun Bin Lee,Minseok Albert Kim,Heejoon Jang,Hyunwoo Oh,Sun Woong Kim,Eun Ju Cho,Kyung-Hun Lee,Jeong-Hoon Lee,Su Jong Yu,Jung-Hwan Yoon,Tae-You Kim,Yoon Jun Kim 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.3
Background/Aims: Several treatment options are currently available for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) failing previous sorafenib treatment. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of regorafenib and nivolumab in these patients. Methods: Consecutive HCC patients who received regorafenib or nivolumab after failure of sorafenib treatment were included. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and secondary endpoints were time to progression, tumor response rate, and adverse events. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score was conducted to reduce treatment selection bias. Results: Among 150 study patients, 102 patients received regorafenib and 48 patients received nivolumab. Median OS was 6.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0–10.8) months for regorafenib and 5.9 (95% CI, 3.7–8.1) months for nivolumab (P=0.77 by log-rank test). In multivariable analysis, nivolumab was associated with prolonged OS (vs. regorafenib: adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30–0.96; P=0.04). Time to progression was not significantly different between groups (nivolumab vs. regorafenib: aHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.51–1.30; P=0.48). HRs were maintained after IPTW. Objective response rates were 5.9% and 16.7% in patients treated with regorafenib and nivolumab, respectively (P=0.04). Conclusions: After sorafenib failure, the use of nivolumab may be associated with improved OS and better objective response rate as compared to using regorafenib.
( Heejoon Jang ),( Yun Bin Lee ),( Hyemi Moon ),( Minkyung Park ),( Na Ryung Choi ),( Minseok Albert Kim ),( Hyunwoo Oh ),( Joon Yeul Nam ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Yoon Jun 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Aspirin therapy has been shown to be associated with reduced risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). We aimed to investigate the association between aspirin use and HCC risk in CHB patients with or without cirrhosis. Methods: We identified 329,635 adult patients with CHB who underwent health examinations from 2007 through 2017, using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Patients who received aspirin for 90 or more consecutive days (n=20,200) and patients who never received antiplatelet therapy (n=309,435) were identified. We generated propensity score-matched cohort to balance baseline characteristics between aspirin users and nonusers. The risk of HCC development was estimated, accounting for death as a competing event. Results: In overall population, propensity score matching analysis generated 19,003 pairs with a median follow-up period of 6.7 years. The cumulative HCC incidence among aspirin users was significantly lower than that among nonusers of aspirin (P<0.0001; panel A). Aspirin use showed a significant association with lower risk of HCC (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.92; P<0.0001). Among patients without cirrhosis (16,507 pairs), aspirin users had significantly lower cumulative incidence of HCC (P<0.0001; panel B) and adjusted HR of 0.87 for HCC (95% CI, 0.79-0.95; P=0.002) compared to aspirin nonusers. However, among patients with cirrhosis (2,479 pairs), the cumulative HCC incidence did not differ significantly between aspirin users and nonusers (P=0.51; panel C) and the association between aspirin therapy and HCC risk was not evident (adjusted HR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.85-1.18; P=0.99). Cirrhosis had a significant effect on the association between use of aspirin and HCC risk (P<0.0001 for interaction). Conclusions: In this Korean nationwide cohort study of patients with CHB, aspirin therapy was associated with reduced risk of HCC. Cirrhosis had a substantial effect on this association.
( Heejoon Jang ),( Minkyung Park ),( Na Ryung Choi ),( Minseok Albert Kim ),( Hyunwoo Oh ),( Joon Yeul Nam ),( Yun Bin Lee ),( Eun Ju Cho ),( Jeong-hoon Lee ),( Su Jong Yu ),( Jung-hwan Yoon ),( Yoon 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Many guidelines suggest ultrasonography at six-month intervals for patients at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, surveillance is often performed by combining ultrasound with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study analyzed the differences in clinical outcomes depending on whether the patients had imaging tests other than ultrasound as a surveillance test. Methods: Patients diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis at Seoul National University Hospital from 2010 to 2014 were included. Patients diagnosed with other cancers or with surveillance intervals shorter or longer than 6±1 month were excluded. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who only had ultrasound scans (USG group) and those who had a combination of ultrasound, CT, and MRI. (combination group). Propensity score matching was applied to adjust the difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The difference of HCC detection, liver-related mortality and all-cause mortality between the two groups was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazards model. The difference in the stages at HCC diagnosis between the two groups was compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results: From a total of 4,779 patients, we obtained a propensity score matched cohort of 794 patients. The combination group showed a higher risk of HCC detection than the USG group. (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-3.54) The combination group showed more very early stages at the time of HCC diagnosis based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. (Fisher’s exact test P=0.03). Liver-related mortality (aHR 2.00; 95% CI 0.53-7.56) and all-cause mortality (aHR 1.06; 95% CI 0.49-2.26) were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: Combining ultrasound, CT, and MRI as a surveillance test may detect HCC in earlier stages.
Development of Solar Concentrator Cooling System
HeeJoon Lee(이희준),Gueesoo Cha(차귀수) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.7
태양광 모듈 효율의 증가를 위해 렌즈나 반사판 등을 이용한 집광 시스템 개발이 활발하게 진행되고 있으며, 집광장 치는 일반적으로 렌즈를 사용하거나 고집속비의 광학장치를 이용하여 태양광 추적형으로 설계하여 고집속화를 추구하고 있 다. 그러나 집속비에 비례하여 열로 소산되는 에너지 밀도가 증가하므로, 고집속에 따른 태양전지 온도상승에 의한 태양전지 효율 저하를 방지하기 위해 집광장치의 냉각에 유의해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 여러 가지 제약 조건을 피하여, 저가격의 반사형 광학장치를 이용한 경제적인 저집광형 태양광 모듈 시스템을 연구 개발하였다. 일반모듈에 저집광장치를 사용하여 태양광 모듈의 발전효율을 증대 시키면서 집광으로 인해 발 생하는 열을 냉각장치를 통해 방출하였다. 제안된 저집광형 냉각장치(MCS, Micro Cooling System)의 특징은 모세관력에 의한 자연 순환 방식으로서 외부 동력원이 불필요하며, 유체 상변환시의 잠열을 이용함으로써 고성능 냉각 구현이 가능하다. 117W 태양광 모듈에 반사판을 설치하고 냉각장치가 있는 모듈과 냉각장치가 없는 모듈을 비교 하였다. 냉각장치를 설치한 모듈에서의 발전량이 28% 증가하였다. To increase the efficiency of a solar module, the development of solar concentrator using a lens or reflection plate is being proceeded actively and the concentrator pursues the a concentration using a lens or an optical device of a concentration rate and designing as a solar tracking system. On the other hand, as the energy density being dissipated as a heat according to the concentration rate increases, the cares should be taken to cool the solar concentrator to prevent the lowering of efficiency of solar cell by the increasing temperature of the solar cell. This study, researched and developed an economical concentrator module system using a low priced reflection optical device. A concentrator was used as a general module to increase the generation efficiency of the solar module and heat generated was emitted by the concentration through the cooling system. To increase the efficiency of the solar concentrator, the cooling system was designed and manufactured. The features of the micro cooling system (MCS) are a natural circulation method by the capillary force, which does not require external power. By using the potential heat in the case of changing the fluid, it is available to realize high performance cooling. The 117W solar modules installed on the reflective plate and the cooling device in the cooling module and the module unit was not compared. The cooling device was installed in the module resulted in a 28% increase in power output.