Weak solutions of the stationary Navier-Stokes equations for a viscous incompressible fluid past an obstacle

Heck, Horst,Kim, Hyunseok,Kozono, Hideo Springer-Verlag 2013 Mathematische Annalen Vol.356 No.2

PPAR-δ Agonist With Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Type II Collagen-Producing Chondrocytes in Human Arthritic Synovial Fluid

Heck, Bruce E.,Park, Joshua J.,Makani, Vishruti,Kim, Eun-Cheol,Kim, Dong Hyun SAGE Publications 2017 Cell transplantation Vol.26 No.8

<P>Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint disease characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage within synovial joints. An estimated 27 million Americans suffer from OA, and the population is expected to reach 67 million in the United States by 2030. Thus, it is urgent to find an effective treatment for OA. Traditional OA treatments have no disease-modifying effect, while regenerative OA therapies such as autologous chondrocyte implantation show some promise. Nonetheless, current regenerative therapies do not overcome synovial inflammation that suppresses the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to chondrocytes and the expression of type II collagen, the major constituent of functional cartilage. We discovered a synergistic combination that overcame synovial inflammation to form type II collagen-producing chondrocytes. The combination consists of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) δ agonist, human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSCs, and hyaluronic acid (HA) gel. Interestingly, those individual components showed their own strong enhancing effects on chondrogenesis. GW0742, a PPAR-δ agonist, greatly enhanced MSC chondrogenesis and the expression of type II collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in hBM-MSC-derived chondrocytes. GW0742 also increased the expression of transforming growth factor β that enhances chondrogenesis and suppresses cartilage fibrillation, ossification, and inflammation. HA gel also increased MSC chondrogenesis and GAG production. However, neither GW0742 nor HA gel could enhance the formation of type II collagen-producing chondrocytes from hBM-MSCs within human OA synovial fluid. Our data demonstrated that the combination of hBM-MSCs, PPAR-δ agonist, and HA gel significantly enhanced the formation of type II collagen-producing chondrocytes within OA synovial fluid from 3 different donors. In other words, the novel combination of PPAR-δ agonist, hBM-MSCs, and HA gel can overcome synovial inflammation to form type II collagen cartilage within human OA synovial fluid. This novel articularly injectable formula could improve OA treatment in the future clinical application.</P>

Endless War and the Politics of the Miracle in Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise

Kalling Heck 연세대학교 영어영문학과 BK21 Plus 사업단 2022 Situations: Cultural Studies in the Asian Context Vol.15 No.2

This article examines the significance and possibility of the miracle as a political project. It looks at Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise (directed by Hiroyuki Yamaga, 1987), an animated film in which warring nations stand on the brink of mutually-assured destruction. However, rather than presenting a denouement that resolves the Cold War style conflict in a familiar and predictable manner, the film instead concludes with a psychedelic sequence that evokes the entire history of humankind. This paper argues that the film’s surprising and poetic ending forces us to consider the role of the miracle as a political category; one which presents a rejoinder to the normal course of politics, whether it involves a diplomatic negotiation between enemies or the outbreak of hostilities between them. The miracle implied by this unorthodox conclusion opens the space for an illiberal politics predicated on the appearance of a totally unexpected arrival, and as such is closely aligned with the state of exception. This paper considers not only the appealing and hopeful aspects of the resolution of this significant and influential anime, but also sheds light on the destructive possibilities implied by the category of the miraculous in the realm of politics.

仁川廣域市における日本語敎育の歷史に關する硏究

최은혁 ( Yeun Heck Choi ) 한국일어일문학회 2015 日語日文學硏究 Vol.94 No.1

グロ-バル社會を迎えた現在、國際的な要衝地としての役割を果たすことができるよう、地域社會單位で外國語敎育を硏究する必要性が高まっている。更にそれは地域社會の發展だけでなく、國際的な要衝地として發展する可能性が見られる樣-な地域の人材育成に役立つものでなければならない。 國際化と共に最近仁川地域は國際化特區地域に選定され、外國語敎育がさらに强調されているが、日本語敎育をはじめとする英語以外の外國語敎育は、 全體的に縮小される傾向にある。そのため、こうした狀況のもとでは通時的な硏究を通じて、地域社會の過去から現在までの日本語敎育を照明し、過去に比べ更に發展を遂げ、過去のものとは異なる現在·未來へ向けた地域の日本語敎育の方向と展望を提示することができるようなものを模索しなければならない。したがって、本硏究では韓國の先行硏究に見られる日本語敎育の歷史的經緯と仁川地域の歷史に關する文獻資料を參考にして時代別に整理する。特に、社會の變化と共に行われた日本語敎育が仁川地域の特性に應じてどのように變化してきたのか、その歷史を重点的に取り上げてみたい。そして、本硏究では仁川の日本語敎育の歷史を文獻化し、日本語敎育を含む仁川の地域の特性を考慮したコミュニティベ-スの特性敎育や外國語敎育の今後の方向を設定し、それに沿った課題を提示する。 It is important to study more about foreign language education in a local community that becomes an internationally important location, as the society is becoming more internationalized. By doing so, it is able to develop a local community and cultivate its human resources from the local community that works as an internationally important location. Recently, Incheon area in South Korea has become an important region, as Incheon was designated as special economic zone. However, the scale of foreign language education except English, especially Japanese language education, has decreased in the national curriculum. Under these circumstances, by conducting a diachronic study, it is needed to demonstrate the history of Japanese language education in Incheon, and suggest the ways to improve Japanese language education in Incheon Therefore, this study summarizes the history of Japanese language education in South Korea and especially in Incheon from previous research and written sources. Especially, this study focuses on how Japanese language education in Incheon has been changed according to the regional properties. As a result, this study suggests specialized foreign language education, based on a local community.

예비 일본어교사의 다문화교육 경험에 관한 연구 -일어교육과 학생들의 한국어 멘토링 사례를 중심으로-

최은혁 ( Yeun Heck Choi ) 한국일어교육학회 2015 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.33

본 연구는, 다문화 및 다문화교육에 대한 이해도를 높이기 위해, 교사자격증 취득 과정의 일환으로 다문화가정 자녀들을 대상으로 예비 일본어교사들이 참여한 1) 한국어 멘토링 경험의 양상과 2) 그에 대한 예비 일본어교사들의인식 및 태도를 살펴보고, 3) 예비 일본어교사들의 입장에서 이와 같은 경험의 의미를 이해하고자 하였다. 그리하여앞으로 다문화가정 학생들에게 더욱 효과적인 교육이 제공될 수 있도록, 예비 일본어 혹은 외국어교사들에게 다문화관련 경험을 마련해줄 수 있는 프로그램 및 교육 설계에 도움이 되고자 한다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 앙케이트 조사와 학습지도안을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 멘토들에게 있어서 본 활동은 교사의 입장에서 다문화가정의 학생들을 가르치고 그들의 언어능력 향상에 도움이 된다는 점에서도 중요하지만, 다문화.다언어교육에 대한 인식과 다문화가정학생과 소통하고 가까워진다는 것이다. This study investigated preliminary Japanese teachers` experience of Korean language mentoring activity, conducted in order to understand multicultural education and multiculturalism, their perceptions and attitudes toward the activity, and the meaning of the activity. In order to examine the effectiveness and influence of multicultural/multilingual eduaction on both students with multicultural background and preliminary teachers, this study conducted questionnaire survey and analyzed teaching plans created by preliminary Japanese teachers. As a result, it has been known that the mentoring activity means not only teaching Korean and helping mentees learn Korean, but also communicate with them and create a community with them. Therefore, this study suggested the issues to be considered for creating more effective curriculums for multicultural education and teacher education.

다문화, 다언어교육으로서의 일본어교육 -한국의 초등학교 4학년의 「일본어, 문화」수업의 실천을 중심으로-

최은혁 ( Yeun Heck Choi ) 한국일어일문학회 2014 日語日文學硏究 Vol.91 No.1

최근 미래 사회를 대비하기 위한 교육으로 초등학교에서 다문화교육을 실시하고 있다. 주로 문화위주의 교육을 강조하고 있다. 그러나 이중 언어강사가파견된 인천광역시 소재의 학교 중에서 1곳이 언어와 문화를 접목한 교육을실시하였다. 그리하여 그 학교를 대상으로 수업 후의 학습자 평가를 실시하였다. 그런 결과 언어와 문화를 접목한 교육이 일본어에 대한 동기부여가 된 것을알 수 있었다. 그리하여 교육 현장에서 초등학교 다문화··다언어교육이 함께이루어지도록 적극적인 정책이 필요하다고 생각된다. 한국에 있어서 일본어교육의 활성화 방안으로 초등학교의 다문화교육의 일환으로 다언어교육으로서의일본어교육을 제시하고자 한다. 이는 일본어를 모어로 하는 한국 주재 연소자,모어로 하지 않는 연소자에게도 일본어교육이 다언어교육으로서의 언어교육으로 이루어져야 한다. 금후의 과제로서 연소자를 위한 교재 개발 및 다언어·다문화교육으로서의일본어능력에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 한다고 본다. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate its validity of Multicultural/MultilingualEducation in Incheon area of Korea. Each local Ministry of Education has executedMulticultural Education. However, in the classes, language and culture have beenseparately taught. In this paper, I suggest a new model of Multicultural Educationthat teach both language and culture at the same time, focusing on language in theearly stages and broadening its area to each culture and then multiculturalism. Also,I will evaluate the validity of this new model of Multicultural Education in Korea,giving one of the classes for Multicultural Education, which is a Japanese class inIncheon Area. As a research method, I analysed the syllabus and class proposalsfor the class and conducted a questionnaire to all students in the class. As a result,this new model motivated the students in learning and understanding Japaneselanguage, culture, and other languages and cultures than Korean, Japan, and English.

심포지엄 논문(論文) : 한국초등학교 일본어교육의 현황과 과제 -서울,경기,인천지역을 중심으로-

최은혁 ( Yeun Heck Choi ) 한국일어교육학회 2010 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.18

グロ―バル化に伴って、韓國の敎育機關は「グロ―バル人材養成」というモット―で外國語敎育をますます强化している。この風は初等學校にまで吹きはじめ、2002年韓日ワ―ルドカップ以來初等學校における外國語敎育は盛んになっている。今まで、日本語は高校·中學校において第2外國語としての授業が行われてきたのでこれに關する調査は行われてきたが、管見の限りにおいて初等學校に關する調査はない。2009年度における韓國全國各地の特色ある取組內容や現況·地域別の特色等について3人が分擔して調査を行った。本稿の硏究目的は韓國語を母語とする韓國初等學校の學習者の日本語敎育の實態を調査·分析して、今後の課題を見つけ對策を提案することである。調査の結果、問題點は興味深くおもしろい敎材が不足していることである。敎材が硬い。日本語敎育が體系的になっていない。敎師の需要も足りない傾向である。レベル別に敎える敎師の不足。3ヶ月ごとに申し入みを受け入れるため、旣習の學習者もあわせて學習しなければならない狀況で學習者の日本語能力に差がある。學校の事情によって變わるので、學習計畵が立てづらい。今後の課題および對策は、多用でありながらおもしろい敎材が必要である。埃찰の場面も歌で敎えたり、繰り返して敎えられる敎材が必要である。初等學校の日本語の敎材は視覺的に子供向けの揷畵や表紙がいい。日本文化の紹介がある敎材、日本文化はクイズによる紹介もいい。CDやオンラインリンクなどの副敎材も必要である。豊富なドリル練習問題も必要である。新しい歌やアニメの紹介もする。律動的、力動的なゲ―ムも必要である。工作も傳統的な遊びも必要である。會話體は內容が重要である。できるだけおもしろくする必要がある。初等學校の學習者向けの敎材をレベル別に製作する必要がある。初等學校の日本語敎師への日本語敎育硏修が必要、學校敎育におけるカリキュラムを開發しなければならない。專門的な日本語敎育の情報支援のため、ネットワ―ク形成をなして多樣なジュニアサイトをつくり情報を共用することが必要である。初等學校の學習者の日本語力診斷テストなどが必要である。更に今後は多文化家庭の學習者も增えつつあるため、二重言語敎授要員に日本語敎授法、敎材などを提示し、多文化家庭の兒童の繼承語の日本語敎育に關して硏究してみたい。

韓國における多言語,多文化敎育政策之日本語敎育

최은혁 ( Yeun Heck Choi ) 한국일어교육학회 2014 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.30

硏究では、急變するグロ一バル社會で、韓國の多言語·多文化敎育政策がどのように行われているかを、特に多言語敎育において多文化敎育がどのように連携して實施されているかを中心に、多言語·多文化敎育の實態を調査する。そうすることで、多文化敎育においての多言語敎育を位置づける。調査對象としては、仁川地域の日本人二重言語講師の日本語敎育を中心にする。結論として、多言語·多文化敎育をどのように日本語敎育において連携するかと觀してその妥當性と、中·高校における第2外國語敎育の重要性と獨立敎科としての第2外國語敎育の妥當性について提唱する。韓國には年少者に多言語を習得させるための敎育制度には、二重言語講師の派遣があった。多文化理解という講座を設け、多言語·多文化敎育を實施しているが、學年ごとに割り當てられた時間內で文化と言語を同時に敎育することは難しく、言語より文化を中心に敎育が行われていることが分かった。二重言語講師の活用においても、多言語·多文化敎育に對する意識が共有されていなく、放課後敎室など多言語敎室の開設に觀する觀心度が非常に低い。特に、小學校など早い段階からの多言語敎育の意識を向上させる必要があり、積極的に二重言語講師の派遣を增加させ、活用する必要がある。また、小學校の全學年における多言語·多文化敎育が中·高校までに連携されていないことは敎育的な損失にもなる。これに對して、多言語·多文化敎育として日本語敎育を活性化する方案としては、多文化社會における學習者の擴大、二重言語講師と補助敎師の養成、言語敎育としての日本語·日本語文化敎育とその高等敎育への連携を擧げられる。 In this study, I will investigate multilingual and multicultural education and its policy in South Korea, especially how multilingual education have been connected to multilingual education. By doing so, it is able to evaluate multilingual education as a part of multicultural education. The survey has been conducted, focused on Japanese Bilingual Teachers’ Japanese language education in Incheon Area, South Korea. As a result, I will suggest several problems and points to be improved in terms of how to perform Japanese language education as multilingual/multicultural education and its validity, and the importance and validity of second foreign language education as an independent subject in higher education. As a multilingual education policy for children, there is Bilingual Teachers. Some elementary schools establish a class called Multicultural Education. However, it is difficult to educate both culture and language within limited time, so it tends to emphasize culture more than language. Regarding to Bilingual Teachers, lacking in interest about multilingual/multicultural education and establishment ofmultilingual classes such as extra classes can be problematic. Therefore, it is important to ameliorate understanding of multicultural education, and increase and educate Bilingual Teachers. Also, multilingual/multicultural education from elemantary school is not proceeded on a long term basis in higher education and it can be a serious loss to multilingual/multicultural education. Therefore, in order to activate Japanese language education as multilingual/multicultural education, increasing students in multicultural society, education for Bilingual Teachers and teaching assistants, and Japanese language and culture education in higher education can be suggested.

韓國の多文化敎育の實態分析及び授業の實例-仁川廣域市の日本語二重言語?育之國際文化理解敎育を中心之して-

최은혁 ( Yeun Heck Choi ) 한국일어일문학회 2013 日語日文學硏究 Vol.86 No.1

한국의 2년제대학의 일본어학습자의 니즈조사를 통한 일본어교육

최은혁 ( Yeun Heck Choi ) 한국일어교육학회 2009 일본어교육연구 Vol.16 No.-

グロ―バル時代、インタ一ネット等の情報流通の流れに卽して、日本語の學習者數は增えつつある。日本語敎育においても學習者のニ―ズの多樣化、個別化、專門化が進んでいる。そのために、學習者のニ―ズに合わせる敎育目標も多樣化しつつあり、敎師はそれにどう對處するかを硏究の目的とする。2008年 日本語敎育學會の企畵テ―マであった「多樣化する學習者の要求にどのように對應するのか」という主題發表論文を本硏究の中心テ―マとした。それに2009年の調査を入れて分析する。韓國の2年制大學の學習者のニ―ズ調査及び分析である。2008年に2年生、2009年に1·2年生の學習者のニ一ズを調査し、分析した。今後、2年制大學の學習者のニ―ズに對應する日本語敎育の內容·方法を檢討する際に、活用できると考える。日本語敎育の目標はコミュニケ―ション能力を學習者に與えることであるので、その能力を與えるために學習者の目標を把握して、それぞれの目的に見合った日本語の敎育內容を整備する必要がある。調査の結果、2009年の1·2年生は2008年の二年生よりニ―ズが多樣化している。必要あるいは、勉强したいと思っている事項は2008年の2年生は1)新聞や雜誌をよむこと2)テレビでドラマ·映畵を見ること3)簡單な通譯ができること4)スピ―チをするのに十分に日本語を身につける 5)漢字·熟語を身につけることであった。2009年の1·2年生は1)仕事場で日本語を使い、コミュニケ―ションすること2)自然な發音·イントネ―ションで話すこと(1年生)、テレビ·ラジオでニュ―スを聞くことなど、それぞれ個人によって違うことが分かった。そのニ一ズに對應する能力は敎師に求められている。學習者のニ―ズとしてとらえたものを基にしてコ―スデザインを行い、それによって授業をして學習效果をあげるきっかけとしたい。