http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Hayakawa, Kazuichi,Tang, Ning,Sato, Kosuke,Izaki, Akihiko,Tatematsu, Michiya,Hama, Hirotaka,Li, Ying,Kameda, Takayuki,Toriba, Akira Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.3
1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), 2-NP and 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFR) are useful markers for studying the atmospheric behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). However, present methods for measuring trace levels of these compounds are lesssensitive and laborious. Here we describe several improvements to a previously reported high-performance liquid chromatography-chemiluminescence detection system that allows it to determine trace levels of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR. The proposed system was equipped with a reducer column packed with Pt/Rh instead of zinc whose life-time was limited. The combination of Cosmosil MS-II (monomeric ODS) and AR-II (polymeric ODS) columns was used instead of polymeric ODS columns as the separator column to improve the separation. An ethanol mixture with acetate buffer (pH 5.5) was used in place of an acetonitrile mixture with the same buffer to activate the reducer column. The same ethanol mixture was used as the mobile phase for the clean-up column. The switching time of the column switching valve was optimized to concentrate the amino-derivatives of above NPAHs quantitatively on the concentrator column. The concentrations of bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenly) oxalate and hydrogen peroxide in the chemiluminescence reagent solution were optimized to 0.4 mM and 30 mM, respectively, to increase the sensitivity. Under the above conditions, the detection limits (S/N=3) of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR were 1 fmol (0.25 pg), 10 fmol (2.5 pg) and 4 fmol (1 pg), respectively. The proposed system was effectively used to determine trace levels of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR in airborne particulates collected at Noto Peninsula. The atmospheric concentrations of 1-, 2-NPs and 2-NFR were not more than sub pg $m^{-3}$ levels. They were higher in winter (January) than in summer (July). In both seasons, the concentrations were in decreasing order, [2-NFR]>[1-NP]>[2-NP].
Hayakawa Teruaki,Kouketsu Takayuki,Kakimoto Masa-alki,Yokoyama Hideaki,Horiuchi Shin The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.1
A novel fabrication of the patterned surfaces in the polymer films was demonstrated by using the self-organizing character of the block copolymers of polystyrene-b-oligothiophenes and polystyrene-b-aromatic amide dendron. Hexagonally arranged open pores with a micrometer-size were spontaneously formed by casting the polymer solutions under a moist air flow. The amphiphilic character of the block copolymers played the crucial role as a surfactant to stabilize the inverse emulsion of water in the organic solvent, and subsequently the aggregated structure of the hydrophilic oligothiophene or aromatic amide dendron segments remained on the interiors of the micropores. The chemical composition on the top of the surface of the microporous films was characterized by energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) or a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (ToF-SIMS). The characterizations clearly indicated that the patterned surfaces in the self-organized block copolymer films with the hexagonally ordered microporous structures were fabricated in a single step.
The Trade Effect of Non-tariff Measures in a Comprehensive Trade Agreement
Hayakawa Kazunobu,Jongwanich Juthathip,Kohpaiboon Archanun 한국국제경제학회 2024 International Economic Journal Vol.38 No.1
The aim of this study is to quantify the trade effects of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), which is considered to be a comprehensive trade agreement. To this end, we estimate the gravity equation for worldwide trade and introduce applied tariffs into this equation to differentiate between the trade effects of tariff reduction and non-tariff measure (NTM) changes. Our gravity equation results indicate that the trade effect of NTM changes under the CPTPP is insignificant on average and negative for most products. We also estimate the gravity equation for foreign direct investment (FDI) and find some evidence that the CPTPP increased FDI by a statistically significant amount. Thus, the NTM changes in the CPTPP may increase FDI, rather than trade, among member countries.
Hayakawa, Kazuichi,Tang, Ning,Kameda, Takayuki,Toriba, Akira Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2007 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.1 No.1
Hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are mainly originated from imperfect combustion of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal. The consumptions of not only petroleum but also coal have been increasing in the East Asian countries. This review describes the result of international collaboration research concerning characteristics and major contributors of atmospheric PAHs and NPAHs in cities in Japan, Korea, China and Russia. We collected airborne particulates in ten cities in the above countries and six PAHs and eleven NPAHs were determined by HPLC methods using fluorescence and chemiluminescence detections. The total PAH concentrations were much higher in Chinese cities (Fushun, Tieling, Shenyang and Beijing) than those in other cities (Vladivostok, Busan, Kanazawa, Kitakyushu, Sapporo and Tokyo). The total NPAH concentrations were also higher in Chinese cities than those in the other cities. The [NPAH]/[corresponding PAH] ratios are much larger in diesel-engine exhaust particulates than those in coal-burning particulates. The [1-nitropyrene]/[pyrene] ratio of airborne particulates was much smaller in the four Chinese cities, suggesting that coal combustion systems such as coal heaters were the main contributors. On the other hand, the ratios were larger in Korean and Japanese cities, suggesting the large contribution of diesel-engine vehicles.
Computer Numerals for Eradicating Poverty and Educating Geniuses
( Hayakawa Yoshinori ) 한국수학교육학회 2011 수학교육 학술지 Vol.2011 No.2
Computer Numerals are decimal numerals created by the rule of base 2. They consist of circle one, circle two, four, eight, 16, 32, and circle 64. Remembering the numeral forms and two simple rules, one can calculate addition, subtraction, multiplication and division without further knowledge such as addition table or multiplication table.
Short-Lived Radioisotope Tc98 Synthesized by the Supernova Neutrino Process
Hayakawa, Takehito,Ko, Heamin,Cheoun, Myung-Ki,Kusakabe, Motohiko,Kajino, Toshitaka,Usang, Mark D.,Chiba, Satoshi,Nakamura, Ko,Tolstov, Alexey,Nomoto, Ken’ichi,Hashimoto, Masa-aki,Ono, Masaomi,Kawano, American Physical Society 2018 Physical Review Letters Vol.121 No.10