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In vivo effects of different anesthetic agents on apoptosis
Emad S. Osman,Hanan F. Khafagy,,Yasser M. Samhan,Mona M. Hassan,Faten M. El-Shanawany,Abdel Rahman M. Fathallah,Gehan G. El-fandy 대한마취통증의학회 2012 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.63 No.1
Background: This study was designed to measure in vivo effects of propofol, isoflurane and sevoflurane on apoptosis by measuring caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) blood level as apoptotic markers. Methods: After obtaining ethical committee approval and informed written consents, sixty adult patients ASA I scheduled for open cholecystectomy participated in this study. They were randomally allocated into one of three equal groups to receive propofol infusion, low-flow isoflurane or sevoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia. Venous blood samples were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperative and after 24 hours to measure hemoglobin,hematocrit, creatinine, liver enzymes, serum TRAIL and caspase-3 levels. Results: There was no significant difference in hematological markers and serum creatinine. Liver enzymes showed significant postoperative rise (P < 0.05). In Propofol group, TRAIL and caspase-3 levels were significantly elevated immediately postoperative then decreased significantly after 24-hours (P < 0.05). In Isoflurane group, immediate postoperative level of TRAIL was significantly higher than 24 hours reading and significantly lower than its level in Propofol group at the same timing meanwhile caspase-3 levels were comparable at different timings. In Sevoflurane group, TRAIL and caspase-3 levels increased significantly in both postoperative samples than preoperative level and than those of Isoflurane and Propofol groups after 24 hours concerning TRAIL (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study concluded that isoflurane is superior and sevoflurane is the least effective among the three anesthetics in protection against apoptosis. This study neither proved nor excluded propofol-induced apoptosis. Further studies are required during lengthy procedure and in compromised patients. Background: This study was designed to measure in vivo effects of propofol, isoflurane and sevoflurane on apoptosis by measuring caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) blood level as apoptotic markers. Methods: After obtaining ethical committee approval and informed written consents, sixty adult patients ASA I scheduled for open cholecystectomy participated in this study. They were randomally allocated into one of three equal groups to receive propofol infusion, low-flow isoflurane or sevoflurane for maintenance of anesthesia. Venous blood samples were collected preoperatively, immediately postoperative and after 24 hours to measure hemoglobin,hematocrit, creatinine, liver enzymes, serum TRAIL and caspase-3 levels. Results: There was no significant difference in hematological markers and serum creatinine. Liver enzymes showed significant postoperative rise (P < 0.05). In Propofol group, TRAIL and caspase-3 levels were significantly elevated immediately postoperative then decreased significantly after 24-hours (P < 0.05). In Isoflurane group, immediate postoperative level of TRAIL was significantly higher than 24 hours reading and significantly lower than its level in Propofol group at the same timing meanwhile caspase-3 levels were comparable at different timings. In Sevoflurane group, TRAIL and caspase-3 levels increased significantly in both postoperative samples than preoperative level and than those of Isoflurane and Propofol groups after 24 hours concerning TRAIL (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study concluded that isoflurane is superior and sevoflurane is the least effective among the three anesthetics in protection against apoptosis. This study neither proved nor excluded propofol-induced apoptosis. Further studies are required during lengthy procedure and in compromised patients.
Abbass Mohammed Y.,Sadic Nevein,Ashiba Huda I.,Hassan Emad S.,El-Dolil Sami,Soliman Naglaa F.,Algarni Abeer D.,Alabdulkreem Eatedal A.,Algarni Fatimah,El-Banby Ghada M.,Abdel-Rahman Mohamed R.,Aldosar 대한전기학회 2022 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.17 No.5
Infrared (IR) image sequences are acquired with certain types of cameras. These cameras give the sequence of images according to the heat distribution. With time, some deterioration of the quality of the sequence occurs due the thermal noise eff ect generated in the camera. This thermal noise eff ect leads to some sort of non-uniformity in the obtained image sequence. Hence, it is necessary to perform some sort of non-uniformity correction in the video sequence according to the fi rst frame. This type of non-uniformity correction is scene-based. This paper introduces a scene-based non-uniformity correction technique that depends mainly on histogram matching. The noise eff ect on each frame in the sequence leads to some drift in the histogram of that frame. Hence, the proposed technique depends on the histogram matching concept to correct the histogram of each frame in the sequence based on the histogram of the fi rst frame that is free from the thermal noise eff ect. Diff erent image quality metrics including entropy, contrast, edge intensity, average gradient, and correlation with the fi rst frame are adopted to assess the quality of the obtained frames after adjustment. It is required in the frames to be corrected to reduce entropy, edge intensity and average gradient as these metrics are increased with the presence of thermal noise eff ect on all pixels represented as much details and unnecessary information. In addition, the contrast of the video sequences should be increased to determine objects in a better way. The correlation of the corrected frames with the fi rst one should be increased to reduce the noise eff ect. Simulation results reveal enhanced quality of the obtained video sequences after processing with the proposed technique.