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        Phytoremediation potential of ornamental plants for heavy metal removal from contaminated soil: a critical review

        Deepika,Haritash A. K. 한국원예학회 2023 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.64 No.5

        Soil contamination by heavy metals has become a serious environmental issue considering its eff ects on health and the environment. Several techniques are being used for the treatment of contaminated soil, but these methods have limitations on account of cost, chemical/energy effi ciency, and application in the fi eld. On the other hand, phytoremediation is a costeff ective, solar energy-driven, and eco-friendly method for heavy metal removal. The present study discusses hyperaccumulating ornamental plants that can remove metal contaminants from the soil without any visible phytotoxic symptoms. Besides the uptake and translocation, the specifi c metal accumulation potential of ornamental plants, the mechanism involved in the removal, and the growth response of hyperaccumulators towards metal exposure have also been discussed. The essential indices- bioconcentration factor and translocation factor to determine the suitability of plants towards phytoextraction, the role of diff erent plant parts in translocation and biochemical mechanisms for detoxifi cation of metals have been presented as a highlight of this study. For optimum removal and effi cient management of a phytoremediation design, the role of controlling factors such as soil characteristics, type of metal, plant species, organic amendments, phytochelators, bio-inoculants, etc. is very important. Considering the advent of biotechnology, the use of genetically modifi ed plants is also recommended for signifi cantly improved effi ciency. It is expected that the present study will provide a guiding path for future researchers in exploring the scope of phytoremediation using ornamental plants.

      • Review of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater

        Verma, Manisha,Haritash, A.K. Techno-Press 2020 Advances in environmental research Vol.9 No.1

        Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have become an environmental havoc in last few decades with reported cases of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), lethal effects over aquatic organisms, interference in natural decomposition of organic matter, reduced diversity of microbial communities in different environmental compartments, inhibition of growth of microbes resulting in reduced rate of nutrient cycling, hormonal imbalance in exposed organisms etc. Owing to their potential towards bioaccumulation and persistent nature, these compounds have longer residence time and activity in environment. The conventional technologies of wastewater treatment have got poor efficiency towards removal/degradation of PhACs and therefore, modern techniques with efficient, cost-effective and environment-friendly operation need to be explored. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) like Photocatalysis, Fenton oxidation, Ozonation etc. are some of the promising, viable and sustainable options for degradation of PhACs. Although energy/chemical or both are essentially required for AOPs, these methods target complete degradation/mineralization of persistent pollutants resulting in no residual toxicity. Considering the high efficiency towards degradation, non-toxic nature, universal viability and acceptability, AOPs have become a promising option for effective treatment of chemicals with persistent nature.

      • Degradation of toxic azo dye (AO7) using Fenton's process

        Sharma, Ashish,Verma, Manisha,Haritash, A.K. Techno-Press 2016 Advances in environmental research Vol.5 No.3

        This study aimed at advanced oxidation of hetero tri-functional reactive dye Acid orange 7 using photo-Fenton conditions in a lab-scale experiment. Decolourisation of Acid Orange 7 dye by Fenton's process was dependent on concentration of Hydrogen peroxide, Ferrous sulphate, pH, and contact time. A $2^3$ factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of these key factors: pH, Fe(II), and $H_2O_2$ concentration, for a dye concentration of 50 mg/L with COD of 340 mg/L at pH 3.0. The response function was removal of colour under optimised conditions; pH 3.0, [Fe(II)] 40.83 mg/L, [$H_2O_2$] 4.97 mmol/L; 13.6 min. of treatment resulting in 100% colour removal. The final COD of treated wastewater was nil suggesting that AOP is a potentially useful process of color removal and dye degradation/mineralisation of effluent having AO7. Minimum contact time for complete decolourisation was at 5 mmol/l $H_2O_2$ concentration. Increase in $FeSO_4$ (mg/l) concentration resulted in decrease of time for complete decolourisation. Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize the process variables. Maximum and minimum levels of pH (3-5), $H_2O_2$ (4-6 mmol/l), $FeSO_4$ (30-46 mg/l) and contact time (5-15 minutes) were used. The statistical analysis revealed a value of 0.88 for coefficient of regression ($R^2$) indicating a good fit of model. Calculated F-value was found higher than the tabulated value confirming to significance of the model. Based on student's t-test, Ferrous sulphate, pH, and contact time have a positive effect on the percent decolourisation of Acid Orange 7.

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