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Hao Wang,Qi Zong,Haibo Wang 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.4
To investigate the protective effect of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) pipes on cement mortar, dynamic splitting tests were carried out on cement mortar and GFRP-mortar pipe specimens by using a 74 mm diameter Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test device combined with a high-speed video camera device to obtain the crack expansion process and rupture and fragmentation morphology of the specimens. The results show that the tensile strength of cement mortar rings is lower and that the stress?strain curve is single-peaked. Compared with cement mortar rings, the tensile strength of GFRP-mortar ring specimens increases significantly, and the stress-strain curve is bimodal. For 0.5 MPa air pressure and wall thicknesses of 0, 2, 3, and 4 mm, the hollow rate of the 0.187 specimen peak stress is 3.21, 1.02, 1.05, and 1.26 times that of the 0.292 specimen. For 0.5 MPa air pressure and a hollow rate of 0.187, the wall thickness of the 2, 3, and 4 mm specimen peak stress is 1.06, 1.31, and 1.69 times that of the 0 mm specimen. The increase in the wall thickness, the decrease in the hollow rate and the increase in the strain rate make the dynamic tensile strength of the specimens increase. The dynamic modulus of elasticity of the GFRP-mortar pipe specimens was lower than that of the mortar specimens, and the increase in strain rate and the thickness of the GFRP pipe wall resulted in an increase in the dynamic modulus of elasticity of the specimens. The cement mortar specimen under impact load was split and tensile damage occurred; the GFRP-mortar specimen suffered tensile damage at the two ends of the applied force, and the upper and lower ends were crushed. With the increase in the strain rate, the GFRP-mortar specimens transitioned from cracks to the formation of “V” area damage, and the specimen crushing degree increased, but the existence of GFRP pipe can have a protective effect on the mortar, reducing the degree of specimen rupture and crushing. The increase in the hollow ratio reduces the ability of the specimen to resist the external load, and the degree of specimen rupture and fragmentation increases.
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Comparison of Chlorophyll Algorithms in the Bohai Sea of China
Xiu, Peng,Liu, Yuguang,Rong, Zengrui,Zong, Haibo,Li, Gang,Xing, Xinogang,Cheng, Yongcun The Korean Society of Oceanography 2007 Ocean science journal Vol.42 No.4
Empirical band-ratio algorithms and artificial neural network techniques to retrieve sea surface chlorophyll concentrations were evaluated in the Bohai Sea of China by using an extensive field observation data set. Bohai Sea represents an example of optically complex case II waters with high concentrations of colored dissolved organic mattei (CDOM). The data set includes coincident measurements of radiometric quantities and chlorophyll a concentration (Chl), which were taken on 8 cruises between 2003 and 2005, The data covers a range of variability in Chl in surface waters from 0.3 to 6.5 mg $m^{-3}$. The comparison results showed that these empirical algorithms developed for case I and case II waters can not be applied directly to the Bohai Sea of china, because of significant biases. For example, the mean normalized bias (MNB) for OC4V4 product was 1.85 and the root mean square (RMS) error is 2.26.
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Comparison of Chlorophyll Algorithms in the Bohai Sea of China
Peng Xiu,Yuguang Liu,Zengrui Rong,Haibo Zong,GangLi,Xiaogang Xing,Yongcun Cheng 한국해양과학기술원 2007 Ocean science journal Vol.42 No.4
Empirical band-ratio algorithms and artificial neural network techniques to retrieve sea surface chlorophyll concentrations were evaluated in the Bohai Sea of China by using an extensive field observation data set. Bohai Sea represents an example of optically complex case II waters with high concentrations of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The data set includes coincident measurements of radiometric quantities and chlorophyll a concentration (Chl), which were taken on 8 cruises between 2003 and 2005. The data covers a range of variability in Chl in surface waters from 0.3 to 6.5 mg m-3. The comparison results showed that these empirical algorithms developed for case I and case II waters can not be applied directly to the Bohai Sea of China, because of significant biases. For example, the mean normalized bias (MNB) for OC4V4 product was 1.85 and the root mean square (RMS) error is 2.26.
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