http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
정혜인(Jeong, HaeIn) 한양법학회 2009 漢陽法學 Vol.28 No.-
In Korea, German system of constitutional court was established in 1987 and it is now very successful. For the last 20 years, the number of laws rejected by the constitutional court is 128 (as of May 31st, 2009). However, there are only 6 laws which were subjected to breaches of the Constitution during 60 years in the Supreme Court after constitutional regime since 1946. This statement will focus on the cause of this phenomenon, whether this inactivity is based on problems of this system, or there are other reasons. Currently in Japan, some people argue that debate on establishment of constitutional court is merely a trick to a hidden purpose, which is to have the ‘revision of article 9 of the Constitution’. However, during the last 60 years there have only been 6 cases of rejected laws which clearly implies disfunctional status of the system of constitutional suit in Japan. To be able to fix this, many people argue that the constitutional court must be established throughout the constitutional revision. The supporters of ‘establishment of constitutional court’ speaks of it as it will a solution for all problems of constitutional suit system in Japan, just like in Korea. But the success of the system of constitutional court in Korea is not only based on its systematic reasons, but also the democracy movement deeply rooted in social background. To make a certain system function well in a society, the excellence of the system is required but the most crucial point is the willingness of the citizens. This paper will observe the cause of biggest problem of the system of Constitutional suit in Japan and analyze as well as to review the systematic, social and political reason in its background. Also it will focus on the cause and problems of ‘Debate on establishment of Constitutional court’ which has come in earnest since 1994 as well as to find out if the ‘establishment of constitutional court’ can provide solution to judicial passivism in Japan. And amongst the opinions to improve the system of Constitutional suit in Japan, this paper will concentrate on how revision of the law instead of Constitutional revision can provide solutions to such problems of the system of Constitutional suit.
Immunological Analysis of Postoperative Delirium after Thoracic Aortic Surgery
Haein Ko,Mukhammad Kayumov,Kyo Seon Lee,Sang Gi Oh,Kook Joo Na,In Seok Jeong The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular 2024 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.57 No.3
Background: Delirium is a recognized neurological complication following cardiac surgery and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including elevated mortality and prolonged hospitalization. While several clinical risk factors for post-cardiac surgery delirium have been identified, the pathophysiology related to the immune response remains unexamined. This study was conducted to investigate the immunological factors contributing to delirium in patients after thoracic aortic surgery. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 43 consecutive patients who underwent thoracic aortic surgery between July 2017 and June 2018. These patients were categorized into 2 groups: those with delirium and those without it. All clinical characteristics were compared between groups. Blood samples were collected and tested on the day of admission, as well as on postoperative days 1, 3, 7, and 30. Levels of helper T cells (CD4), cytotoxic T cells (CD8), B cells (CD19), natural killer cells (CD56+CD16++), and monocytes (CD14+CD16-) were measured using flow cytometry. Results: The median patient age was 71 years (interquartile range, 56.7 to 79.0 years), and 21 of the patients (48.8%) were male. Preoperatively, most immune cell counts did not differ significantly between groups. However, the patients with delirium exhibited significantly higher levels of interleukin-6 and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) than those without delirium (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that lower TNF-α levels were associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium (p<0.05). Conclusion: Postoperative delirium may be linked to perioperative changes in immune cells and preoperative cytokine levels. Additional research is required to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying delirium.
제약기업의 해외진출 전략과 성공요인: 대웅제약의 사례를 중심으로
조해인 ( Haein Cho ),임우정 ( Woo Jeong Im ),정다영 ( Dayeong Jung ) 숙명여자대학교 경제경영연구소 2018 기업경제연구 Vol.46 No.1
전 세계적으로 지속되고 있는 제약시장의 성장과 거대한 파머징 시장(pharmerging market)의 등장으로 국내 중심 경영을 하던 국내 제약 업계에도 해외 진출이 최근 큰 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. ‘대웅제약’은 국내 제약 기업들 중에서도 특히 적극적인 해외 진출을 시도하고 있는 기업으로, 최근 가장 주력하고 있는 보톡스 제품 ‘나보타’는 국내 최초로 美FDA(Food and Drug Administration)에 임상 3상을 통과하여 최종 승인을 앞두고 있다. 대웅제약이 해외진출에 적용한 경영전략을 분석한 결과 전략적 제휴, 제품 경쟁력 그리고 지속적 R&D 투자의 총 세 가지의 성공 요인을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 이러한 대웅제약의 사례가 주는 시사점을 정리하고 이를 통해 국내 제약 회사의 해외 진출 방안을 제안하고자 한다. Recently, due to continuous growth of the pharmaceutical market in the world and apprearance of pharmerging market which is emerging as a huge pharmaceutical market, overseas expansion strategies are rising as a big issue in the domestic pharmaceutical industry. Especially, 'Daewoong' is the most active company trying to prepare overseas expansion among the domestic pharmaceutical companies. After 'NAVOTA' that is a product of botulinum toxin was passed clinical demonstration by FDA, daewoong is waiting for final approval. In consequence of business strategies analysis, we drew three factors with a strategic alliance, product competitiveness, and continuous investment of R&D. Through this research, we will organize implications given by 'Daewoong' case and suggest ways to plan overseas expansion for the domestic pharmaceutical companies.
Kim, Haein,Jeong, Yong Taek,Choi, Min Sung,Choi, Jaekyun,Moon, Seok Jun,Kwon, Jae Young Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2017 Molecules and cells Vol.40 No.5
Regulation of feeding is essential for animal survival. The pharyngeal sense organs can act as a second checkpoint of food quality, due to their position between external taste organs such as the labellum which initially assess food quality, and the digestive tract. Growing evidence provides support that the pharyngeal sensory neurons regulate feeding, but much is still unknown. We found that a pair of gustatory receptor neurons in the LSO, a Drosophila adult pharyngeal organ which expresses four gustatory receptors, is involved in feeding inhibition in response to high concentrations of sodium ions. RNAi experiments and mutant analysis showed that the gustatory receptor Gr2a is necessary for this process. This feeding preference determined by whether a food source is perceived as appetizing or not is influenced by nutritional conditions, such that when the animal is hungry, the need for energy dominates over how appealing the food source is. Our results provide experimental evidence that factors involved in feeding function in a context-dependent manner.
Shin, Haein,Yu, Jaehyung,Jeong, Yongsik,Wang, Lei,Yang, Dong-Yoon IEEE 2017 IEEE journal of selected topics in applied earth o Vol.10 No.10
<P>To study the relationship between the short-wavelength infrared reflectance and the moisture content in the beach, we conducted a rigorous analysis using regression models under different parameter settings defined by band selection, average grain size, and sand mineralogy. The spectral reflectance data were collected by a hand-held spectrometer with 3-6 nm spectral resolution. The grain sizes measured from 0.15 to 0.92 mm, with an average of 0.75 mm. The mineral components were Quartz-Alkali Feldspar-Plagioclase and Calcite-Quartz- Alkali Feldspar-Plagioclase. We found the best spectral bands were located at 1400, 1900, and 2200 nm. The regression model on these selected bands yielded an R-squared over 0.74 and RMSE lower than 0.05. We expect this study to contribute toward understanding the spectral response of beach sand with regard to its moisture content more clearly as we also consider its mineral composition and grain size.</P>
Sugar Alcohol, Erythritol has Antioxidant Properties on Miniature Pig Sperm Cryopreservation
Seunghee Kim,Haein Kim,Gahee Kim,Wooyoung Park,Daeyoung Jeong,Wonjae Kim,Daeyoung Kim 한국수정란이식학회 2016 한국수정란이식학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10
Cryopreservation of miniature pig sperm is essential because of high demand of organ transplant in mass production. However, miniature pig sperm are vulnerable to oxidative stress more than other mammals. Erythritol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol with powerful antioxidant property. Thus, the aim of our study is to verify if erythritol could reduce lipid peroxide and enhance viability of frozen thawed miniature pig sperm. Ejaculated semen samples were frozen with cryoprotectant subjected to erythritol treatment (0, 10, 100, 500 mM). After frozen thawed, spematozoa viability were examined using the computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The product of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) were quantified using spectrophotometer with DPPH and ABTS assays as ROS scavenger markers. Our result showed that erythritol enhanced sperm viability (p<0.05), reduced lipid peroxides significantly (p<0.05), proving the concentration of 100 mM erythritol to be an effective for lowing oxidative damage. Data from our study suggest that erythritol exhibits significant lipid peroxidation scavenging characteristics which may prevent oxidative damage, enhance viability of frozen thawed sperm and thus could be a effective additive as cryoprotectant.