Effects of Various Carbohydrate Sources on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization in Pigs Weaned at 21 Days of Age

Jin, C.F.,Kim, J.H.,Moon, H.K.,Cho, W.T.,Han, Y.K.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.3

A total of 125 pigs (5.8 kg BW, 21 d of age) were allotted in a completely randomized block design experiment. Dietary treatment added carbohydrate sources : corn starch, lactose, glucose, sucrose or dried whey in corn-soybean meal based diet. Each treatment has 5 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. Lactose, sucrose and dried whey supported a better growth performance than starch and glucose (p < 0.05) during the first and second week postweaning. However, in the third week postweaning no difference was found in ADG and ADFI among treatment. For overall period, pigs fed lactose, sucrose and dried whey diets showed similar growth performance and were superior to starch and glucose. The gross energy digestibility in pigs fed lactose, sucrose and dried whey diets were similar and significantly higher than those fed glucose and starch diets (p < 0.05). DM digestibility was not significantly affected by other carbohydrate sources except starch. Pigs fed lactose, sucrose and dried whey showed the best nitrogen digestibility. In all nutrients digestibility, there was no significant difference among treatment except starch and glucose diet. DM excretion was lower in pigs fed lactose, sucrose and dried whey than pigs fed starch and glucose. In conclusion, it appeared that sucrose could be effectively incorporated in baby pig diet without sacrificing growth performance.

Effects of Various Fat Sources and Lecithin on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization in Pigs Weaned at 21 Days of Age

Jin, C.F.,Kim, J.H.,Han, In K.,Jung, H.J.,Kwon, C.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.2

A total of 125 pigs (5.8 kg of BW) were allotted in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were coconut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tallow and tallow+lecithin. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed vegetable oil supported greater average daily gain (ADG) and improved feed/gain (F/G) compared to pigs fed the animal fat. Addition of lecithin to tallow increased ADG by 7.2%. Feed intake were similar for all treatment groups. From d 8 to 14, pigs fed coconut oil and soy oil showed better ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than any of the others. From d 15 to 21, pigs fed the tallow diets had lower gains (p < 0.05) than those fed diets that contained vegetable oil and tallow with added lecithin. The effect of different fat sources on gain became smaller with age. Feed intakes were similar between the vegetable oil and lecithin supplemented diets each week postweaning except for pigs fed tallow (p < 0.05). Feed : gain ratios were superior during the initial 2 weeks postweaning period when pigs were provided vegetable oil diet compared with pigs fed tallow. All pig groups had similar feed : gain ratios during 3 weeks. Combinations of tallow with lecithin tended to have intermediate feed/gain ratio. It was found that vegetable oils were much better in improving growth rate of the piglets. Lecithin significantly improved growth rate and feed efficiency of the pigs through the whole experimental period compared to tallow. Coconut oil was the most effective in improving growth of pigs during the first two weeks postweaning. Corn oil had equal value with soy oil in improving growth performance of weaned pigs. When vegetable oil was added, the digestibilities of nutrients except for minerals were higher than when the tallow was fed. Nutrients digestibility was similar among vegetable oils. The addition of lecithin to tallow increased digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, ether extract and crude protein. Crude ash and phosphorus digestibility were not affected by the treatments. Dry matter excretion was not different among treatments except for tallow which showed significantly higher dry matter excretion (p < 0.05), while nitrogen excretion was significantly decreased in pigs fed vegetable oil sources. However, Phosphorus excretion was not affected by the different fat sources.

Optimum Lactose: Sucrose Ratio for the Pigs Weaned at 21 Days of Age

Jin, C.F.,Kim, J.H.,Han, In K.,Yeon, J.U. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.2

A total of 240 weaned pigs (BW 5.4 kg) were allotted in a completely randomized block design to find out the optimum lactose : sucrose ratio for the weaned pigs. Treatments were 100:0 (A), 75:25 (B), 50:50 (C), 25:75 (D) and 0:100 (E) in lactose : sucrose ratio. For the first week after weaning, average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) were improved (p < 0.05) for pigs fed A, B and C diets compared to pigs fed diets D and E, but the average daily feed intakes (ADFI) of the pigs were not different. From d 7 to 14, no significant differences was found in ADG and ADFI among the treatments, but pigs fed the diets A, B and C had improved F/G compared with the pigs fed diets D and E (p < 0.05). From d 15 to 21, no significant differences were found in ADG, ADFI and F/G among the treatments. The digestibility of nutrients was not influenced by the lactose : sucrose ratio except nitrogen. Nitrogen digestibility of A diet was significantly higher than D and E diets (p < 0.05) but no significant differences were found among diets A, B and C. Dry matter and phosphorus excretions were not influenced by the treatments. The pigs fed diets A, B and C excreted significantly less nitrogen than the pigs fed diets D and E. In conclusion, the results suggest that sucrose can effectively replace up to 50% lactose in starter diets.

Role of synoptic eddy feedback on polar climate responses to the anthropogenic forcing (doi 10.1029/2010GL043673)

Kug, J.-S.,Choi, D.-H.,Jin, F.-F.,Kwon, W.-T.,Ren, H.-L. AGU AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION 2010 Geophysical research letters Vol.37 No.14

Effects of Supplemental Synthetic Amino Acids to the Low Protein Diets on the Performance of Growing Pigs

Jin, C.F.,Kim, J.H.,Han, In K.,Bae, S.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.1

A total of 120 pigs $(L\;{\times}\;LW\;{\times}\;D)$ averaged 14.16 kg of body weight were reared under six dietary treatments to evaluate the effects of amino acid supplementation on their performances. Treatments were 1) 18% CP diet (control); 2) 15% CP+0.28% Lys (B, 15L); 3) B+0.06% Met (15LM); 4) B+0.13% Thr (15LT) ; 5) B+0.06% Met+0.13% Thr (15LMT); 6) B+0.06% Met+0.13% Thr+0.05% Trp (15LMTT). Each treatment had 4 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. The daily weight gains were statistically similar in 15LMT, 15LMTT and control groups. Threonine and methionine supplementation resulted in improved growth performance and nutrient digestibilities, while tryptophan supplementation had little beneficial effect. However, the best feed conversion was found in the control group. Dry. matter and CP digestibilities were improved in the 15LMT and 15LMTT groups. Gross energy, crude fat and phosphorus digestibilities were not affected by the treatment. Among the 15% CP groups, nitrogen digestibility showed the tendency to be increased as the more synthetic amino acids were added. Dry matter and nitrogen excretions were significantly reduced by feeding low protein, amino acid fortified diets, while phosphorus excretion was not influenced. Essential amino acids digestibility was higher in 15LT, 15LMT and 15LMTT groups and lower in the control. The 15LT group showed the best lysine digestibility, and methionine digestibilities were higher in all treated groups than control one. Threonine digestibilities higher in 15LT 15LMT, and 15LMTT than the control. The result shows that threonine and methionine should be added to the diet containing 15% CP diet, fortified with lysine to get same performance of 18% CP diet.

Lysine Requirement of Piglets

Jin, C.F.,Kim, J.H.,Cho, W.T.,Kwon, K.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.1

The experiment was conducted with 120 barrows weaned at 21 days of age to estimate their lysine requirement weaned at 21 days of age when other important amino acids were fortified to get optimal ratio to lysine. The treatments were 1.15% (control), 1.25%, 1.35%, 1.45%, 1.55%, 1.65% total lysine in the diet. Based on the growth performance total lysine requirement of 21-day old pigs appears to be 1.45%. The lowest digestibilities of dry matter and crude fat were found in pigs fed 1.15% total lysine diet and the highest were found in pigs fed 1.65% total lysine diet with no significant differences among treatments. Nitrogen digestibility increased as the total lysine level increased up to 1.35% (p < 0.05) and remained relatively constant beyond 1.35%. However, the best nitrogen digestibility was observed in pigs fed 1.45% total dietary lysine. Gross energy, crude ash and phosphorus digestibilities did not differ due to the increase in total lysine level. The amounts of excreted dry matter and nitrogen differed significantly by the increase in lysine level up to 1.35% (p < 0.05), while phosphorus excretion was not influenced by the lysine level. Dry matter and nitrogen excretion were reduced by 13.6% and 18.4%, respectively, when 1.45% lysine was offered to the pigs compared to the those fed on 1.15% lysine diet. The amino acid digestibilities increased as the total lysine level increased up to 1.45% (p < 0.05), and remained constant beyond 1.45%. The lysine requirement for the pigs weighing 6 to 14 kg seems to be higher than the previous estimates and in order to reduce pollutant excretion the accurate nutrient requirement should be set and applied to the animal.

Synthesis and Properties of New Low Band Gap Semiconducting Polymers

Kim, J.-H.,Kang, J.,Mi, D.,Xu, F.,Jin, S.-H.,Chun, H.-H.,Hwang, D.-H. American Scientific Publishers 2014 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.14 No.7

Low band gap organic semiconducting polymers were prepared as p-type donors for organic photovoltaic devices. A novel dibrominated monomer composed of phenothiazine, thiophene, and benzothiadiazole (DPDTBT) was synthesized as a low band gap core block. DPDTBT was copolymerized with three different boronic esters of dithiophene, fluorene, and phenothiazine by the Suzuki coupling polycondensation reaction. The band gap energies of the synthesized polymers ranged between 2.05 and 2.11 eV, depending on the polymer structure. Bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated using the polymers and [6,6]-phenyl C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) as an acceptor were characterized. The best power conversion efficiency obtained from the fabricated devices under simulated AM 1.5 G solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm(2) was 0.46%.

Cardiovascular effects of ethanol extract of Rubus chingii Hu (Rosaceae) in rats: an in vivo and in vitro approach.

Su, X H,Duan, R,Sun, Y Y,Wen, J F,Kang, D G,Lee, H S,Cho, K W,Jin, S N The Society 2014 Journal of physiology and pharmacology Vol.65 No.3

<P>Rubus chingii Hu (Rosaceae) is an important traditional Chinese medicine that has been used to improve function of the kidney and treat excessive polyuria. However, the effects of Rubus chingii on the cardiovascular system and its pharmacological mechanisms of action have not been studied. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of ethanol extract of Rubus chingii (ERC) in rats. The changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate of rats and vascular tone of aortic rings in in vitro were measured using pressure transducer and force transducer, respectively, connected to a multichannel recording system. ERC decreased systolic blood pressure and heart rate in a concentration-dependent manner. ERC induced vasorelaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. The ERC-induced vasorelaxation was not observed in the absence of the endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of ERC was significantly attenuated by inhibition of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), or Ca(2+) entry from extracellular sources with L-NAME, ODQ, diltiazem, or extracellular Ca(2+) depletion, respectively. Similarly, an inhibition of Akt with wortmannin attenuated the ERC-induced vasorelaxation. Modulators of the store-operated Ca(2+) entry, thapsigargin, Gd(3+), and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate markedly attenuated the ERC-induced vasorelaxation. Furthermore, 4-aminopyridine an inhibitor of voltage-dependent K(+) (KV) channel, significantly attenuated the ERC-induced vasorelaxation. However, tetraethylammonium and glibenclamide, had no significant effect on the ERC-induced vasorelaxation. Indomethacin, atropine, and propranolol had no effects on the ERC-induced vasorelaxation. The present study demonstrates that ERC induces vasorelaxation via endothelium-dependent two-step signaling: an activation of the Ca(2+)-eNOS-NO signaling in the endothelial cells and then subsequent stimulation of the NO-sGC-cGMP-KV channel signaling in the vascular smooth muscle cells. The Akt-eNOS pathway is also suggested to be involved in this relaxation. Also, the findings suggest that the ERC-induced vasorelaxation is closely related to the hypotensive action of the agent.</P>

Mutations in PCYT1A, Encoding a Key Regulator of Phosphatidylcholine Metabolism, Cause Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia with Cone-Rod Dystrophy

Hoover-Fong, J.,Sobreira, N.,Jurgens, J.,Modaff, P.,Blout, C.,Moser, A.,Kim, O.H.,Cho, T.J.,Cho, S.,Kim, S.,Jin, D.K.,Kitoh, H.,Park, W.Y.,Ling, H.,Hetrick, Kurt N.,Doheny, Kimberly F.,Valle, D.,Pauli University of Chicago Press [etc.] 2014 American journal of human genetics Vol.94 No.1

Spondylometaphyseal dysplasias (SMD) constitute a rare group of bone disorders. Two members of the SMD group have distinctive ophthalmologic manifestations: SMD with cone-rod dystrophy (SMD-CRD; MIM 608940) and axial SMD with retinal degeneration (MIM 602271). Additional features of SMD-CRD include rhizomelia, lower extremity bowing, evolving anterior vertebral protrusions, metaphyseal cupping, and progressive visual impairment with pigmentary maculopathy and electroretinographic evidence of cone-rod dysfunction. Affected siblings have been described, thus suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. Here eight individuals from 6 unrelated families with SMD-CRD were submitted to the Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics (BHCMG). Patients 1, 2, 4-6 (Walters et al, 2004) and 7 (Kitoh et al, 2011) were described previously. Patient 8 has not reached final adult height, but is short for his age (Z=-7.6) with lower extremity bowing and diagnosis of retinal dystrophy affecting both cones and rods made at age 45 months. Using WES and targeted Sanger sequencing, we found 8 rare PCYT1A variants (1 nonsense, 1 frame shifting indel, and 6 missense variants) present either in the homozygous or compound heterozygous state in all 8 individuals. PCYT1A encodes the alpha isoform of an enzyme known as CTP (phosphocholine cytidylytransferase), essential for phosphotidylcholine synthesis. Mutations in genes involved in fatty acid metabolism have been implicated in other dysplasias (e.g. RCDP and Conradi-Hunermann), as well as retinal disease where there are deficient or abnormal fatty acids (e.g. eicosapentanoic and docosahexanoic acid). Further examination of phospholipid metabolism may lead to the genetic etiology of other SMDs, particularly those with ocular manifestations.

Antimicrobial characteristics of N-halaminated chitosan salt/cotton knit composites

Shin, H.K.,Park, M.,Chung, Y.S.,Kim, H.Y.,Jin, F.L.,Park, S.J. Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemi 2014 Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry Vol.20 No.4

Chlorinated chitosan salt/cotton knit composites were prepared, and their water absorbencies, physical and antimicrobial properties, and rechargeabilities were investigated. The water absorbencies of the composites dissolved in acetic acid were higher than in hydrochloric acid. The tensile stress and strain of the composites decreased with increasing citric acid content. The active-chlorine contents of the composites increased with both increasing chlorination time and increasing concentration of the chlorination solution. Antimicrobial tests indicated that the composites had high antimicrobial activity: they completely eliminated Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. After rechlorination, the active-chlorine content of the composite was slightly higher than that after the initial chlorination, which indicates that the chitosan salt/cotton knit composites are highly rechargeable.