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Joo, H.W.,Lee, M.S.,Kim, S.W.,Kim, S.S.,Lee, J.Y.,Baek, J.Y.,You, C.-Y.,Lee, K.A.,Rhee, J.R.,Lee, S.S.,Hwang, D.G. IEEE 2006 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.42 No.10
The dependencies of the stack number N on perpendicular exchange-biasing (H<SUB>ex</SUB>) and coercivity H<SUB>c</SUB>) in [Pd/Co]<SUB>N</SUB> and [Pd/Co (or CoFe)]<SUB>N</SUB>/FeMn multilayers were investigated. With the help of the careful designs of layer structures, a series of samples whose surface anisotropies have the linear function N was prepared with constant bulk anisotropies. From the experimental data obtained, it was found that H<SUB>ex</SUB> does not depend on the surface anisotropy, while H<SUB>c</SUB> shows a strong dependence. Therefore, it is possible to tailor wide ranges of H<SUB>c</SUB> (300-600 Oe) without varying H<SUB>ex</SUB>(∼200 Oe) through the single control parameter stack number N.
Emergence of Amantadine-Resistant H3N2 Avian Influenza A Virus in South Korea
Lee, J.,Song, Y. J.,Park, J. H.,Lee, J.-H.,Baek, Y. H.,Song, M.-S.,Oh, T.-K.,Han, H.-S.,Pascua, P. N. Q.,Choi, Y.-K. American Society for Microbiology 2008 Journal of clinical microbiology Vol.46 No.11
<P>We found a relatively high frequency of unique amantadine-resistant H3N2 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses (Val27Ile on M2 protein) isolated from live poultry markets in South Korea and confirmed that a Val27Ile single substitution in the M2 protein is enough to acquire the amantadine resistance phenotype by using reverse-genetically created human-avian reassortant viruses.</P>
Sun, H.,Kim, Y.,Kim, Y. C.,Park, I. K.,Suhr, J.,Byun, D.,Choi, H. R.,Kuk, K.,Baek, O. H.,Jung, Y. K.,Choi, H. J.,Kim, K. J.,Nam, J. D. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for o Vol.6 No.12
<P>In the development of three-dimensional printable materials for high-speed and high-resolution printing, UV-curing polymers can guarantee fast and precise printing of high performance load-bearing structures, but the injected drops of the monomers tend to spread over the substrates due to their low viscosity. In this study, we imposed the self-standing and shape-memorable capability of an epoxy acrylate (EA) monomer to ensure continuous filamentary 3D printing while maintaining its low viscosity nature. Using octadecanamide (ODA) with EA, strong hydrogen-bond networks (−N−H⋯OC−, −N−CO⋯H-O-, -N-H⋯N-) were additionally achieved in the material system and the developed material distinctively exhibited rheological duality at different processing stages: a low-viscosity liquid-like behavior (viscosity of ∼50 Pa) while passing through the nozzle and a self-standing solid-like behavior (static yield stress of ∼364 Pa) right after being printed. This reversible liquid-to-solid transitional capability was quantified by viscoelastic complex moduli provided a dynamic yield stress (<I>τ</I>y,G) of 210 Pa corresponding to the upright stacking up to ∼3.2 cm (3 wt% of ODA). The time (<I>t</I>y,G) required for conformational rearrangement was evaluated to be as fast as ∼10<SUP>−2</SUP> s. After UV curing, the 3D printed layers exhibited no air pockets or weld lines at the stacked interfaces, which could guarantee excellent mechanical performance and structural integrity.</P>
In vivo imaging of tumor apoptosis using histone H1-targeting peptide
Wang, K.,Purushotham, S.,Lee, J.Y.,Na, M.H.,Park, H.,Oh, S.J.,Park, R.W.,Park, J.Y.,Lee, E.,Cho, B.C.,Song, M.N.,Baek, M.C.,Kwak, W.,Yoo, J.,Hoffman, A.S.,Oh, Y.K.,Kim, I.S.,Lee, B.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2010 Journal of controlled release Vol.148 No.3
In vivo imaging of apoptosis could allow monitoring of tumor response to cancer treatments such as chemotherapy. Using phage display, we identified the CQRPPR peptide, named ApoPep-1(Apoptosis-targeting Peptide-1), that was able to home to apoptotic and necrotic cells in tumor tissue. ApoPep-1 also bound to apoptotic and necrotic cells in culture, while only little binding to live cells was observed. Its binding to apoptotic cells was not dependent on calcium ion and not competed by annexin V. The receptor for ApoPep-1 was identified to be histone H1 that was exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells. In necrotic cells, ApoPep-1 entered the cells and bound to histone H1 in the nucleus. The imaging signals produced during monitoring of tumor apoptosis in response to chemotherapy was enhanced by the homing of a fluorescent dye- or radioisotope-labeled ApoPep-1 to tumor treated with anti-cancer drugs, whereas its uptake of the liver and lung was minimal. These results suggest that ApoPep-1 holds great promise as a probe for in vivo imaging of apoptosis, while histone H1 is a unique molecular signature for this purpose.
Apoptotic cell death in rat epididymis following epichlorohydrin treatment
Lee, I.-C.,Kim, K.-H.,Kim, S.-H.,Baek, H.-S.,Moon, C.,Yun, W.-K.,Nam, K.-H.,Kim, H.-C.,Kim, J.-C. SAGE Publications 2013 Human & experimental toxicology Vol.32 No.6
<P>Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is an antifertility agent that acts both as an epididymal toxicant and an agent capable of directly affecting sperm motility. This study identified the time course of apoptotic cell death in rat epididymides after ECH treatment. Rats were administrated with a single oral dose of ECH (50 mg/kg). ECH-induced apoptotic changes were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and its related mechanism was confirmed by Western blot analysis and colorimetric assay. The TUNEL assay showed that the number of apoptotic cells increased at 8 h, reached a maximum level at 12 h, and then decreased progressively. The Western blot analysis demonstrated no significant changes in proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression during the time course of the study. However, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and phospho-c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK) expression increased at 8–24 h. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities also increased at 8–48 h and 12–48 h, respectively, in the same manner as p-p38 MAPK and p-JNK expression. These results indicate that ECH induced apoptotic changes in rat epididymides and that the apoptotic cell death may be related more to the MAPK pathway than to the mitochondrial pathway.</P>
Interaction between the Helicobacter pylori CagA and -Pix in Gastric Epithelial AGS Cells
BAEK, H. Y.,WEON LIM, J.,KIM, H. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2007 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1096 No.1
<P>The gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) translocates the CagA protein into epithelial cells by a type IV secretion process. Upon translocation into the host cell cytosol, CagA undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of CagA occurs within the C terminus of the protein and is mediated by members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases. Phosphorylation of CagA induces the dephosphorylation of as yet unidentified cellular proteins, rearrangements of the host cell actin cytoskeleton, and cell scattering. This article aims to determine the cellular protein that interacts with CagA. Gastric epithelial AGS cells were stimulated with CagA-positive H. pylori (NCTC11637, at a bacteria/cell ratio of 500:1) and cultured in antibiotic-free medium. Proteins were isolated from the cells with or without H. pylori infection. CagA-interactive protein was determined by immunoprecipitation using anti-CagA antibody and proteomic analysis. We found that alpha-Pix interacts with CagA and alpha-Pix was constitutively expressed in AGS cells. Upon H. pylori stimulation, CagA was translocated into the cells and the expression of alpha-Pix (PAK-interactive exchange factor) was increased in AGS cells time dependently. The interaction of alpha-Pix with CagA was increased by H. pylori infection in AGS cells. Phosphorylation of CagA induces the dephosphorylation of alpha-Pix in AGS cells. alpha-Pix is a family of PAK-binding proteins that strongly activates PAK (p21-activated tyrosine kinase). PAK regulates changes in gene expression and mediates actin cytoskeletal and cell morphological changes. The novel finding of this study is that phosphorylation of CagA induces the dephosphorylation of alpha-Pix, which may modulate cytoskeletal changes of gastric epithelial cells through PAK.</P>
Adaptive coefficient scanning based on universal prediction
Baek, S.-J.,Park, C.-S.,Jung, S.-W.,Nam, H.-M.,Ko, S.-J. IET 2009 Electronics letters Vol.45 No.25
<P>The H.264/AVC standard adopts zig-zag scanning for encoding the transform coefficients of both intra- and inter-blocks. Since all blocks are scanned in fixed order regardless of local characteristics, zig-zag scanning does not guarantee optimal performance. Proposed is an adaptive coefficient scanning method based on universal prediction for both intra- and inter-blocks. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces bit rate by up to 5.07% and outperforms conventional methods significantly.</P>
Baek, C.,Heo, J.,Jung, J.,Cho, H.,Kim, Y. Pergamon Press 2014 ENERGY Vol.77 No.-
The objective of this study is to investigate the performance characteristics of an injection CO<SUB>2</SUB> (carbon dioxide) HPWH (heat pump water heater) at various operating conditions. In the standard and standby heat loss test conditions, the performance of a two-stage CO<SUB>2</SUB> HPWH adopting a SCVI (sub-cooler vapor injection HPWH) cycle was measured and analyzed by varying the compressor frequency, the water flow rate, and the injection ratio at various outdoor temperatures. In the standard tests at the outdoor temperature of -15 <SUP>o</SUP>C, the COP (coefficient of performance) of the optimized SCVI HPWH was 7.6% higher than that of the non-injection HPWH. During the standby loss tests at the water flow rate of 200 kg h<SUP>-1</SUP>, the COP of the optimized SCVI HPWH was 7.1% higher than that of the non-injection HPWH.