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M. Hagiwara,T. Sanami,K. Masumoto,Y. Iwamoto,N. Matsuda,Y. Sakamoto,Y. Nakane,H. Nakashima,Y. Uwamino 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Nuclear data on proton-induced neutron and γ-ray production in the energy range from 10 to 20 MeV is important to estimate the shield design and activation of low-energy cyclotron facilities for medical use such as production of radiopharmaceuticals in positron emission tomography (PET). We have measured double-differential thick target yields (TTYs) of neutrons and γ-rays from a ^(18)O-enriched water (H^(18)_2O) target induced by 18 MeV protons in order to estimate leakage radiations from a cyclotron and the neutron-induced activation in the production process of the ^(18)F-tagged fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) which is a common radiopharmaceuticals for PET. Neutrons and γ-rays were measured with 5.08 cm diameter × 5.08 cm long NE213 scintillators for eight laboratory angles between 15- and 150-degrees. After applying a neutron-γ-ray event separation using the pulse-shape-discrimination (PSD) technique the neutron and γ-ray events were analyzed by a time-of-flight (TOF) technique and an unfolding technique, respectively. The measured TTYs were compared with TENDL-2009 data library and the physical model calculations with MCNPX and PHITS. The calculated TTYs roughly agree with the measured data.
Effects of insulin glulisine as mono- or add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Kawamori, R.,Iwamoto, Y.,Kadowaki, T.,Iwasaki, M.,Kim, S.-W.,Woo, J.-T.,Baik, S.-H.,Yoon, K.-H. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 DIABETES OBESITY AND METABOLISM Vol.11 No.9
<P>Aim</P><P>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of insulin glulisine (glulisine) with and without oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD; sulphonylurea or sulphonylurea + biguanide) relative to that of OAD alone in Japanese and Korean patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</P><P>Methods</P><P>In an open, randomized, parallel-group, comparative, controlled trial, 387 patients were randomized and treated with glulisine + OAD (n = 130), glulisine monotherapy (n = 127) or OAD only (n = 130) for 16 weeks. Glulisine was self-injected subcutaneously three times daily (0–15 minutes before meals) at a starting dose of ≥0.2 U/kg/day. Patients titrated the glulisine dose to achieve a 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PPG) level of 7.1–9.5 mmol/l (128–172 mg/dl) by administering at least one additional unit at each appropriate meal time if the 2h-PPG level was > 9.5 and < 11.1 mmol/l (> 172 and < 200 mg/dl) and by administering at least two additional units if the 2h-PPG level was ≥ 11.1 mmol/l (≥ 200 mg/dl). Therapy with OAD was continued at the stable baseline regimen. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in haemoglobin A<SUB>1c</SUB> (HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>) from baseline to endpoint in the intention-to-treat population.</P><P>Results</P><P>At baseline, therapy with OAD was a sulphonylurea only and a sulphonylurea + a biguanide in approximately 24 and 76% of patients respectively. Both glulisine groups had larger reductions in adjusted mean HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> than the OAD-only group (glulisine + OAD, −2.07%; glulisine monotherapy, −1.25%; OAD only, −0.61%). Superiority of glulisine + OAD and glulisine monotherapy vs. OAD only was shown by differences in adjusted mean HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> change from baseline values of −1.46% (p < 0.0001) and −0.64% (p < 0.0001) respectively. Both glulisine groups had better 2h-PPG control than the OAD-only group. Mean daily glulisine doses increased from baseline to endpoint (glulisine + OAD, 13.3–22.5 U; glulisine monotherapy, 14.2–38.0 U). The rate of all symptomatic hypoglycaemia events per patient-year in the entire treatment phase was 11.9 in the glulisine + OAD group, 8.8 in the glulisine monotherapy group and 1.7 in the OAD-only group. There was only one event of severe hypoglycaemia, which occurred in the glulisine + OAD group. Efficacy and safety were similar in Japanese and Korean subpopulations.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>Both glulisine + OAD and glulisine monotherapy were well tolerated and effective for Japanese and Korean patients with T2DM mellitus inadequately controlled by OAD therapy alone.</P>
Measurement of High Energy Neutron Induced Cross Sections for Chromium
S. Sekimoto,T. Utsunomiya,H. Yashima,H. Joto,S. Shibata,K. Ninomiya,D. Satoh,Y. Iwamoto,T. Omoto,R. Nakagaki,N. Takahashi,A. Shinohara,T. Shima,M. Hagiwara,H. Matsumura,K. Nishiizumi,Y. Matsushi,H. Ma 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Reaction cross sections for Cr induced by neutrons at 287 MeV were measured by using ^7Li(p,n) reaction at N0 beam line in the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. To estimate quasi-monoenergetic neutron-induced cross sections, the Cr sample was irradiated on the two angles of 0° and 30° for the axis of the primary proton beam. Proton-induced reaction cross sections for Cr at 300 MeV were also measured. The measured cross section data in the ^(nat)Cr(n,x) and ^(nat)Cr(p,x) reactions are compared with the literature values and the JENDL high-energy file. Furthermore, those in the ^(nat)Cr(n,x) reactions are also compared with those in the ^(nat)Cr(p,x) reaction.
Shielding Experiments under JASMIN Collaboration at Fermilab (I) Overview of the Research Activities
Y. Kasugai,N. Matsuda,Y. Iwamoto,Y. Sakamoto,H. Nakashima,H. Matsumura,N. Kinoshitay,H. Iwase,T. Sanami,M. Hagiwara,H. Hirayama,H. Yashima,N. Sigyo,H. Arakawa,K. Ishibashi,N. Mokhov,A. Leveling,D. Boe 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Shielding experiments were started on 2007 using high-energy proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) under the collaborative study program of JASMIN: Japanese and American Study of Muon Interaction and Neutron Detection. In this series of papers entitled "Shielding experiments under JASMIN collaboration at Fermilab", the part of the results regarding neutron detection has been reported. This paper, as a first paper of the series, overview of the research activities are described, and experimental results on high-energy neutron transportation are presented in a viewpoint of neutron attenuation in steel shield and applicability of Moyer's model. In addition, deductions of a neutron spectrum in wide energy range between 1 eV and 100 MeV by means of the hybrid method using the current-readout Bonner sphere together with foil-activation technique are presented.
Applicability of the PHITS Code to Heavy Ion Accelerator Facilities
Koji Niita,H. Iwase,Y. Iwamoto,T. Sato,N. Matsuda,Y. Sakamoto,H. Nakashima,L. Sihver 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
PHITS, a general-purpose Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System, has been used for various research fields such as radiation science, accelerator and its shielding design, space research, medical application and material research. In this paper, we present an overview of the PHITS code, particularly the heavy ion reaction model included in the code and the capability of the transport of charged particles and heavy ions under magnetic field and discuss the applicability of the PHITS code to heavy ion accelerator facilities by showing some examples of the analysis.
Event Generator Models in the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System; PHITS
Koji Niita,Y. Iwamoto,T. Sato,N. Matsuda,Y. Sakamoto,H. Nakashima,H. Iwase,L. Sihver 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
We present the event generator models incorporated in the particle and heavy ion transport code system PHITS. For the high energy nuclear reactions, we discuss the QMD model and the INC model followed by the statistical decay model. For low energy neutron transport by using the nuclear data, we propose a new model, in which we combine the evaluated nuclear data and the reaction models so as to describe all ejectiles of collision keeping the energy and momentum conservation. By this new model, we can estimate new quantities which are related to the higher order correlations beyond one-body observable, for an example, the deposit energy distribution in a cell, which cannot be obtained by the transport calculation based on the Boltzmann equation with the evaluated nuclear data.
A Versatile IC Design & Current-Sense IGBT Match For Smart Modules
G.Majumdar,T.Nakajima,H.Iwamoto 전력전자학회 1989 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
An integrated circuit and a new series of currrent sensing IGBT chips have been developed to meet the growing trend toward Power ICs. The new IC will directly drive and protect an n-channel current-sense type power MOSFET or IGBT under the direction of input. The IC is designed particularly for inverter circuit application where the power bridge is constituted by the above mentioned MOSPOWER devices of 10 to 50A and up to 600V class. This paper describes the details of the internal circuit design, the switching and protection performances of the new IC and the new IGBTs. The paper will also describe application and functionality of these devices in configuring typical inverter bridges on board or within modular housings where the IC is paired togetherwith the newly developed current-sense n-channel IGBT of 10 20A, 500V class.
T. Sanami,M. Hagiwara,H. Iwase,M. Takada,D. Satoh,Y. Iwamoto,S. Kunieda,H. Yashima,A. Tamii,M. Baba 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
The experimental program to measure double differential cross section (DDX) data for fragment production is launched to establish reaction models and parameters for proton induced reaction on light-medium nuclei for the energy range from threshold to a few hundred MeV. In this program, a Bragg Curve Counter (BCC) that is improved to cover entire energy range of fragment is employed as a detector. DDXs of lithium, beryllium, boron and carbon emission at 30, 60, 90, and 135 degree were measured for 40, 50, 70, and 80 MeV proton on carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and aluminium Theoretical calculation results using three different intra-nuclear cascade models were compared with experimental data. By choosing appropriate model, the calculation generally reproduces the DDXs except for fragments having relatively high energy and small emission angle, and fragments from two body reaction.
K. Tahara,Y. Fukuda,G. Wakabayashi,H. Ban,Y. Morimoto,M. Yoshioka,K. Kiyohara,Y. Koba,H. Iwamoto,Y. Uozumi,N. Matsufuji 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
We measured proton-production double differential cross sections (DDXs) by 290 MeV/u carbon beams on carbon, copper, lead targets at forward angles. The proton energies were measured with the spectrometer which consisted of GSO(Ce) crystals and plastic scintillators. The measured DDXs were compared with the calculated ones with PHITS code. The simulation results generally agreed with the measured ones. The measured results will be useful as the benchmark of existing simulation codes and for the future improvements.
Kajimoto, T.,Shigyo, N.,Sanami, T.,Iwamoto, Y.,Hagiwara, M.,Lee, H.S.,Soha, A.,Ramberg, E.,Coleman, R.,Jensen, D.,Leveling, A.,Mokhov, N.V.,Boehnlein, D.,Vaziri, K.,Sakamoto, Y.,Ishibashi, K.,Nakashim North-Holland Physics Pub 2014 Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Vol.337 No.-
The energy spectra of neutrons were measured by a time-of-flight method for 120GeV protons on thick graphite, aluminum, copper, and tungsten targets with an NE213 scintillator at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. Neutron energy spectra were obtained between 25 and 3000MeV at emission angles of 30<SUP>o</SUP>, 45<SUP>o</SUP>, 120<SUP>o</SUP>, and 150<SUP>o</SUP>. The spectra were parameterized as neutron emissions from three moving sources and then compared with theoretical spectra calculated by PHITS and FLUKA codes. The yields of the theoretical spectra were substantially underestimated compared with the yields of measured spectra. The integrated neutron yields from 25 to 3000MeV calculated with PHITS code were 16-36% of the experimental yields and those calculated with FLUKA code were 26-57% of the experimental yields for all targets and emission angles.