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이경현(Lee, Gyeonghyeon),권순희(Kwon, Soonhee) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2016 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.16 No.3
해외 다국적 기업의 마케팅 사례를 비교 고찰하여 문화 전략을 활용한 표현의 다양한 양상을 알아보고, 2015년 국어과 교육과정에 나타난 문화 역량 교육을 위한 시사점을 제공하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 세계적인 다국적 기업인 크라이슬러, 네슬레, KFC 등의 광고 방식 및 마케팅 전략을 파악하고 해외 기업이 겪었던 여러 마케팅 실패 사례를 토대로 한국 기업은 어떤 전략을 취해야 되는지 연구 분석하였다. 다국적 기업의 해외 마케팅 사례의 실패 요인을 분석해 보면 ①소비국가의 문화적 무의식 파악의 오류, ②소비국가의 언어문화에 맞지 않는 슬로건 표현의 오류, ③소비국 내의 제품 부재로 인해 발생하는 오류, ④제품에 대한 잘못된 컨셉트를 부여함으로 발생한 오류, ⑤브랜딩의 오류 등 5가지로 범주화할 수 있다. 이상의 논의를 바탕으로 하여 도출한 다국적 마케팅 방안은 ① 다른 문화권의 컬처 코드 파악 ② 해당 시장에 제품에 대한 소비자의 문화적 감정이나 경험이 없다면 그 제품에 대한 경험이 없는 어린 세대를 공략 ③ 기업의 노력뿐만 아니라 한국 국민들과 정치외교 분야의 고위 관직들의 노력도 필요 ④ 긍정적인 국가 브랜드보다 더 우선시 되어야 할 것은 각 문화에서 마케팅 전략을 세울 때 ‘한국다움’을 국제화하는 것이다. 2012년 국어과 교육과정에서 문화라는 용어가 ‘전통, 관습, 국어’ 등과 조어를 이루고 있는데 비해, 2015년 개정 국어과 교육과정에서는 보다 다양한 문화 관련 조어를 찾을 수 있다. 이러한 변화에 부응하여 다국적 마케팅 전략, 문화 전략을 활용한 광고 설득 단원이 국어교육 차원에서 다루어져야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study is two-fold: First, to compare various expressions used in culture-based advertisement strategies adopted by multinational enterprises; Second, to make some suggestions for the enhancement of cultural competence stated in the 2015 Revised National Curriculum for the Korean Language Education. The well-known multinational enterprises such as Chrysler, Nestle, KFC, etc. have used their own advertising marketing strategies. Some of them were successful, but others were not. Careful analysis of their failures has led the researchers to make some suggestions for Korean multinational enterprises. The causes of the failure in overseas marketing were classified as follows: (i) misunderstanding the consumers’ cultural subconscious in the target country; (ii) using slogans which are not appropriate for the consumers’ norms; (iii) ignorance of the fact that the target country has no experience of using a specific new product; (iv) providing the consumers with the wrong concept of the new product; and (v) branding errors. As a result of this study, the following marketing strategies for multinational enterprises were suggested. Firstly, we should understand culture code of the consumer country. Secondly, we may target the children in international marketing if the consumer country has no experience of using a specific new product; hence, no culture code. Thirdly, not only Korean entrepreneurs’ efforts but also their government officials’ efforts are required to make their products famous, worldwide. Lastly, but not the least, we should implement “Koreanicity” in the international marketing. If Korean enterprises use these strategies, they will grow into multinational ones. It is also desirable that culture-based advertisement should be dealt with in the Korean language classes. According to the 2012 Revised National Curriculum for the Korean Language Education, the word culture was collocated only with ‘tradition’, ‘customs’, or ‘the Korean language’. On the other hand, the 2015 Revised National Curriculum includes various culture-related collocations. To keep abreast of this trend, such concepts as ‘multinational marketing strategies’, ‘culture-based advertising strategies’, or ‘persuasive advertisement’ should be dealt with in the curriculum for the Korean language.
Hemodynamic Principles in Free Tissue Transfer: Vascular Changes at the Anastomosis Site
GyeongHyeon Doh,김범식,DongYun Lee,윤정수,SooA Lim,한예식,SuRak Eo 대한수부외과학회 2021 대한수부외과학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Purpose: Various factors such as blood velocity, turbulent flow,and intimal injury are the most basic elements in free tissue transfers. However, how blood flow is reestablished, maintained, and changed after vascular anastomosis has rarely been studied. Methods: A 54-year-old male sustained an unreplantable severe crushing injury to his right hand. The middle finger was transferred to the thumb as an ectopic replantation using an anastomosis between the radial and digital arteries. However, secondary reconstruction for the first web space defect was inevitable and an anteromedial thigh free flap procedure was performed 2 months later using the previously anastomosed vessels. During the procedures, we noted morphologic changes in the microvessels and tried to explain those phenomena by applying the principles of hemodynamics. Results: Due to the discrepancy in vascular size between the radial and digital arteries, the velocity of the blood flow in the post-anastomotic site, which was the digital artery, must have been increased by Poiseuille’s law. Supposing that the velocity through the post-anastomotic site of the digital artery was increased, the pressure exerted by that flow decreased, resulting in more shrinkage of the vessel lumen of the digital artery by Bernoulli’s principle. Pascal’s law could also be applied in confined spaces with a static flow; where there is a constant pressure, as the radius of the post-anastomotic digital artery diminishes, the tension within the digital artery’s wall also simultaneously decreases. By Laplace’s law, the post-anastomotic digital artery’s wall thickens as less tension is exerted on the wall. Conclusion: Understanding these simple flow mechanics will enable microsurgeons to better avoid the risk factors causing thrombosis, which is related to flap failure.
Hyperpolarization: Sensitivity Boost in Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging
Ko, Hyeji,Gong, Gyeonghyeon,Jeong, Gijin,Choi, Ikjang,Seo, Hyeonglim,Lee, Youngbok Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2015 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.19 No.3
Hyperpolarization methods are the most emerging techniques in the field of magnetic resonance (MR) researches since they make a contribution to overcoming sensitivity limitation of MR spectroscopy and imaging, leading to new fields of researches, real-time in vivo metabolic/molecular imaging and MR analysis of chemical/biological reactions in non-equilibrium conditions. Make use of enormous signal enrichments, it becomes feasible to investigate various chemical and biochemical systems with low ${\gamma}$ nuclei in real-time. This review deals with the theoretical principals of common hyperpolarization methods and their experimental features. In addition, more detailed theories, mechanisms, and applications of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP) are discussed.