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( Oscar Gutierrez Aguirre ),( Angelica Gutierrez Aguirre ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: According to the American Cancer Society, the Non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common cancers in the United States of America (EUA), representing 4% of all the cases diagnosed of cancer. The objective of this study is to determine if the number of tons of packed soups consumed in every country has relation with the rate of incidence of NHL. Methods: We use a methodological ecological design. We obtained the rate of incident fi tted by age for country of the data base Globocan of 2012 and the data base of food consumed by country of Euromonitor. The countries included for the analysis are the ones that were found on both data bases. It was analyzed by means, linear regression, coeffi cient of correlation, ANOVA and graphical representation. Results: In total 68 countries fulfi lled the criteria of incorporation. We fi nd a coeffi cient of correlation of 0. 30, in the analysis of variance we fi nd a critical value of F of 7. 00 (p <0. 01). The country with the major consumption of packed soup was E. U. A with 1. 7 million tons, whereas the country with NHL`s with the most incidence was Denmark with rate fi tted by age of 9. 8 cases by every 100, 000 inhabitants. Conclusions: The results suggest that a relation can exist between NHL and the consumption of packed soup. What draws attention are bigger rates of incidence in developed countries than in the developing countries. Nevertheless a limitation of the methodological used design is that it is not possible to determine to individual level the relation between these 2 factors, there will be needed other methodological designs more specifi c to the above mentioned measurement, as cases and controls or cohorts design.
A family of heuristics for agent-based elastic Cloud bag-of-tasks concurrent scheduling
Gutierrez-Garcia, J.O.,Sim, K.M. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Future generation computer systems Vol.29 No.7
The scheduling and execution of bag-of-tasks applications (BoTs) in Clouds is performed on sets of virtualized Cloud resources that start being exhausted right after their allocation disregarding whether tasks are being executed. In addition, BoTs may be executed in potentially heterogeneous sets of Cloud resources, which may be either previously allocated for a different and fixed number of hours or dynamically reallocated as needed. In this paper, a family of 14 scheduling heuristics for concurrently executing BoTs in Cloud environments is proposed. The Cloud scheduling heuristics are adapted to the resource allocation settings (e.g., 1-hour time slots) of Clouds by focusing on maximizing Cloud resource utilization based on the remaining allocation times of Cloud resources. Cloud scheduling heuristics supported by information about BoT tasks (e.g., task size) and/or Cloud resource performances are proposed. Additionally, scheduling heuristics that require no information of either Cloud resources or tasks are also proposed. The Cloud scheduling heuristics support the dynamic inclusion of new Cloud resources while scheduling and executing a given BoT without rescheduling. Furthermore, an elastic Cloud resource allocation mechanism that autonomously and dynamically reallocates Cloud resources on demand to BoT executions is proposed. Moreover, an agent-based Cloud BoT scheduling approach that supports concurrent and parallel scheduling and execution of BoTs, and concurrent and parallel dynamic selection and composition of Cloud resources (by making use of the well-known contract net protocol) from multiple and distributed Cloud providers is designed and implemented. Empirical results show that BoTs can be (i) efficiently executed by attaining similar (in some cases shorter) makespans to commonly used benchmark heuristics (e.g., Max-min), (ii) effectively executed by achieving a 100% success execution rate even with high BoT execution request rates and executing BoTs in a concurrent and parallel manner, and that (iii) BoTs are economically executed by elastically reallocating Cloud resources on demand.
Classification of Porcine Wasting Diseases Using Sound Analysis
Gutierrez, W.M.,Kim, S.,Kim, D.H.,Yeon, S.C.,Chang, H.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.8
This bio-acoustic study was aimed at classifying the different porcine wasting diseases through sound analysis with emphasis given to differences in the acoustic footprints of coughs in porcine circo virus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH) - infected pigs from a normal cough. A total of 36 pigs (Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Duroc) with average weight ranging between 25-30 kg were studied, and blood samples of the suspected infected pigs were collected and subjected to serological analysis to determine PCV2, PRRS and MH. Sounds emitted by coughing pigs were recorded individually for 30 minutes depending on cough attacks by a digital camcorder placed within a meter distance from the animal. Recorded signals were digitalized in a PC using the Cool Edit Program, classified through labeling method, and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and discriminant analysis. Input features after classification showed that normal cough had the highest pitch level compared to other infectious diseases (p<0.002) but not statistically different from PRRS and MH. PCV2 differed statistically (p<0.002) from the normal cough and PRRS but not from MH. MH had the highest intensity and all coughs differed statistically from each other (p<0.0001). PCV2 was statistically different from others (p<0.0001) in formants 1, 2, 3 and 4. There was no statistical difference in duration between different porcine diseases and the normal cough (p>0.6863). Mechanisms of cough sound creation in the airway could be used to explain these observed acoustic differences and these findings indicated that the existence of acoustically different cough patterns depend on causes or the animals' respiratory system conditions. Conclusively, differences in the status of lungs results in different cough sounds. Finally, this study could be useful in supporting an early detection method based on the on-line cough counter algorithm for the initial diagnosis of sick animals in breeding farms.
Effect of rice cultivar on CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and productivity in Korean paddy soil
Gutierrez, J.,Kim, S.Y.,Kim, P.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2013 Field crops research Vol.146 No.-
Cultivar selection management is important for increasing rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity and regulating methane (CH<SUB>4</SUB>) emissions in paddy soil. However, the underlying causes of the differences in CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission among the cultivars have not been thoroughly evaluated. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of eight Japonica cultivars on CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission and productivity in typical mono-rice paddy soil classified as fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Endoaquepts in the southern Korean peninsula in 2010-2011. We hypothesised that the CH<SUB>4</SUB> flux may differ significantly among rice cultivars because each rice cultivar has different physiological and anatomical characteristics and may differently affect the microbial abundance involved in the CH<SUB>4</SUB> dynamics in paddy soils. In particular, the selection of an early-maturing cultivar with fewer flooding days (97 flooding days of 111 cultivation days) over a late-maturing cultivar (121 flooding days of 135 cultivation days) could be a good countermeasure to decrease CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions from paddy fields. In our results, the rice grain yield differed significantly among the cultivars but not between the late- and early-maturing groups. The mean CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission rates (0.15-0.37gm<SUP>-2</SUP>day<SUP>-1</SUP>) and total CH<SUB>4</SUB> fluxes (20.0-50.0gm<SUP>-2</SUP>) varied significantly among the cultivars (P<0.05). However, the shortening of the flooding period by ca. 24 days by selecting the early-maturing cultivars did not decrease the total CH<SUB>4</SUB> fluxes because the CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission rates at the ripening stage were very low, barely affecting the total CH<SUB>4</SUB> flux in the late-maturing group. Methane fluxes were correlated in highly positive and negative manner with methanogens and methanotrophs abundances, respectively (P<0.05), but not with any of the apparent plant growth parameters; these suggest that CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions may be directly affected by the substrate-producing potential and gas transport capacity of each cultivar rather than the external plant growth variables. In conclusion, the selection and development of a cultivar with a lower CH<SUB>4</SUB> flux and higher productivity may be an effective countermeasure for decreasing the CH<SUB>4</SUB> emissions from rice paddy soil, whereas the selection of a short-term cultivar is not.