Impact of Globalization on legal profession in India -A Critical Analysis

( Anurag Gupta ),( Suyesha Sengupta ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2011 Korea University Law Review Vol.10 No.-

The concept of Globalization has brought about a growing tendency towards the universal homogenization and the harmony of cultures, ideas, values and even the lifestyles. Globalization has spread its tentacles to every sector and every sphere of life. Needless to say the legal service and the legal profession has been under its influence as well. Globalization has brought about changes in the existing systems in law, courts, legal profession and the way it is conducted. The Courts have assimilated the changes brought about by such a global influence. The legal profession in India has encountered severe challenges due to globalization of the legal profession. There is a continuing impending debate on the entry of foreign lawyers and law firms. It has to be noted that globalization is not a one sided affair; for it has provided an opportunity for Indian lawyers to gain entry to the global practice of law, it has goaded Indian lawyers to join multinational law firms, practice law in multiple jurisdictions, and render their valuable service in the newly emerging area of legal process outsourcing. Thus this article will look into the process of globalization which has also given rise to certain burning issues pertaining to the current status of the profession.

TTF1-positive SMARCA4/BRG1 deficient lung adenocarcinoma

Anurag Mehta,Himanshi Diwan,Divya Bansal,Manoj Gupta 대한병리학회 2022 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.56 No.1

SMARCA4/BRG1-deficient lung adenocarcinoma (SD-LUAD) is being recognized as a distinct subtype based on subtle differences in its clinical, morphological, and immunophenotypic attributes compared to other non–small cell lung carcinomas. We present here a case of SD-LUAD with curious thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) expression in a morphologically heterogenous lung adenocarcinoma. The better differentiated area showed preservation of TTF1 expression, and a poorly differentiated tumor had loss of TTF1 expression with universal BRG1 loss.

Founder <i>BRCA1</i> mutations in Nepalese population

Anurag Mehta,Himanshi Diwan,Garima Gupta,Shrinidhi Nathany,Shalini Agnihotri,Surender Dhanda 대한병리학회 2022 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.56 No.4

Background: Founder mutation is a heritable genetic alteration observed with high frequency in a geographically and culturally isolated population where one or more ancestors becomes the forebearer of the altered gene. The current study reports two founder mutations in the <i>BRCA1</i> gene in the Nepalese people.Methods: Germline <i>BRCA</i> testing in all surface epithelial ovarian cancers and the selected case of breast, prostate, and pancreatic cancers has been the standard practice from 2016 to 2021. One thousand one hundred thirtythree probands were screened for germline <i>BRCA</i> variants by next generation sequencing. The variants were classified as per the American Society of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommendations. Pathogenic (class V) and likely pathogenic (class IV) were considered clinically relevant and utilized for cascade screening.Results: Nepalese population made up a subcohort of 5.12% (58/1,133) of probands tested for germline <i>BRCA1/2</i> variants. Twenty-seven of these 58 tested harbored pathogenic genetic alterations in <i>BRCA1/2</i> genes, with 23 being <i>BRCA1</i> mutant. Sixteen of 23 <i>BRCA1</i> mutant cases shared one common pathogenic mutation c.2214_2215insT (p.Lys739Ter) (NM_007294.4). Additionally, a second highly recurrent mutation in <i>BRCA1</i> gene c.5068A>T (p.Lys1690Ter) (NM_007294.4) was noted in six patients from this population.Conclusions: The overwhelming abundance of the above two variants in a geographically confined population confers these two genetic alterations a status of founder mutations amongst the people of Nepal. A more extensive population-based study to reaffirm these findings will help establish a dual site-specific germline testing similar to the “Multisite-3-assay” in Ashkenazi Jews as the primary screening tool, especially in a resource-constrained environment.

Calculation of fuel temperature profile for heavy water moderated natural uranium oxide fuel using two gas mixture conductance model for noble gas Helium and Xenon

Jha, Alok,Gupta, Anurag,Das, Rajarshi,Paraswar, Shantanu D. Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.12

A model for calculation of fuel temperature profile using binary gas mixture of Helium and Xenon for gap gas conductance is proposed here. In this model, the temperature profile of a fuel pencil from fuel centreline to fuel surface has been calculated by taking into account the dilution of Helium gas filled during fuel manufacturing due to accumulation of fission gas Xenon. In this model an explicit calculation of gap gas conductance of binary gas mixture of Helium and Xenon has been carried out. A computer code Fuel Characteristics Calculator (FCCAL) is developed for the model. The phenomena modelled by FCCAL takes into account heat conduction through the fuel pellet, heat transfer from pellet surface to the cladding through the gap gas and heat transfer from cladding to coolant. The binary noble gas mixture model used in FCCAL is an improvement over the parametric model of Lassmann and Pazdera. The results obtained from the code FCCAL is used for fuel temperature calculation in 3-D neutron diffusion solver for the coolant outlet temperature of the core at steady operation at full power. It is found that there is an improvement in calculation time without compromising accuracy with FCCAL.

Characterization of high performance CNT-based TSV for high-frequency RF applications

Kannan, Sukeshwar,Kim, Bruce,Gupta, Anurag,Noh, Seok-Ho,Li, Li Techno-Press 2012 Advances in materials research Vol.1 No.1

In this paper, we present modeling and characterization of CNT-based TSVs to be used in high-frequency RF applications. We have developed an integrated model of CNT-based TSVs by incorporating the quantum confinement effects of CNTs with the kinetic inductance phenomenon at high frequencies. Substrate parasitics have been appropriately modeled as a monolithic microwave capacitor with the resonant line technique using a two-polynomial equation. Different parametric variations in the model have been outlined as case studies. Furthermore, electrical performance and signal integrity analysis on different cases have been used to determine the optimized configuration for CNT-based TSVs for high frequency RF applications.

Decadal variations of sea surface temperature in the eastern Arabian Sea and its impacts on the net primary productivity

Vinaya Kumari P.,Jayappa K. S.,Thomas Sujitha,Gupta Anurag 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.2

Ten-year satellite derived data (January 2007 to December 2016) were used to investigate the variability of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), sea surface temperature (SST), net primary production (NPP) in the eastern Arabian Sea (AS). This study is aimed to show the coupling of physical and biological processes to understand how temporal, annual and inter-annual variations occur and the forcing mechanisms behind these variations in the ocean environments. This work is linked to Indian Ocean Dipole and the El Nin˜o/Southern Oscillation, which frequently co-occur and drives inter-annual changes within the AS. Vertically Generalized Production Model was used to estimate NPP using chl-a, Photosynthetically Available Radiation, euphotic depth, and maximum photosynthetic rate from SST. The relationship between NPP and SST showed change in the pattern over the study period. The NPP in the AS is characterized by an unusual decline during El Nin˜o events. AS is more productive during summer monsoon (June–September) due to coastal upwelling, wind driven mixing and lateral advection processes. There was decline in NPP after 2014 and this trend continued in the following years. The present investigation revealed that the strong El Nin˜o condition was observed in 2015 and productivity of AS declined by * 19%, while SST increased by * 2% from an overall average of 2007–2016. Increased SST and low productivity could result in low fish catch in AS. Increasing trend in SST could be attributed to the extreme events like cyclones occurring along the west coast of India.

Immunohistochemical Profile of Breast Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in New Delhi, India

Doval, Dinesh Chandra,Sharma, Anila,Sinha, Rupal,Kumar, Kapil,Dewan, Ajay Kumar,Chaturvedi, Harit,Batra, Ullas,Talwar, Vineet,Gupta, Sunil Kumar,Singh, Shailendra,Bhole, Vidula,Mehta, Anurag Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Background: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) neu receptor in breast cancer and their associations with various clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of women who presented with primary, unilateral breast cancer in the Department of Medical Oncology at Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India during the period from January 2008 to December 2011. Data were retrieved from the medical records of the hospital including both early and locally advanced cancer cases. ER, PgR and HER2neu expression in these patients was assessed and triple negative patients were identified. Associations of triple negative and non-triple negative groups with clinicopathological characteristics were also evaluated. Results: A total of 1,284 women (mean age 52.1 years, 41.9% premenopausal) were included in the analysis. Hormone receptor positivity (ER and/or PgR) was seen in 63.4% patients, while 23.8% of tumors were triple negative. Only 23.0% were HER2 positive. Around 10.0% of tumors were both ER and HER2 positive. ER and PgR positivity was significantly associated with negative HER2 status (p-value <0.0001). Younger age, premenopausal status, higher tumor grade, lymph node negativity, advanced cancer stage, and type of tumor were strongly associated with triple negativity. Significantly, a smaller proportion of women had ductal carcinoma in situ in the triple negative group compared with the non-triple negative group (35.6% versus 60.8%, p-value<0.01). Conclusions: The present analysis is one of the largest studies from India. The majority of the Indian breast cancer patients seen in our hospital present with ER and PgR positive tumors. The triple negative patients tended to be younger, premenopausal, and were associated with higher tumor grades, negative lymph nodes status and lower frequency of ductal carcinoma in situ.