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Host rock controls to thermal water chemistry induced from the global comparison
Muraoka, H.,Gunnlaugsson, E.,Song, Y.,Lund, J.,Bromley, C.J.,Rybach, L. Elsevier 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2
Under a framework of the Geothermal Implementing Agreement (GIA) of the International Energy Agency (IEA), chemistry of thermal water is compared among Iceland, Japan, South Korea and the USA. The pH value of thermal water in Iceland shows 9 or 10, that is evidently higher than those of other silicic crust countries. It is ascribed to the host rock controls that hydrothermal water only attacks anorthite in basalt. The boron and chloride components of thermal water in Iceland are significantly lower than those in Japan and the USA. Their variation ranges show that the boron component in Iceland is 1 magnitude lower than other two countries and the chloride component is 0.5 magnitudes lower. It is also explained by the host rock controls that the basaltic crust in Iceland is 1 magnitude lower in boron and 0.5 magnitudes lower in chloride than the silicic crust in Japan and the USA.
Host rock controls to thermal water chemistry induced from the global comparison
Hirofumi Muraoka,Einar Gunnlaugsson,Yoonho Song,John Lund,Christopher J. Bromley,Ladislaus Rybach 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2
Under a framework of the Geothermal Implementing Agreement (GIA) of the International Energy Agency (IEA), chemistry of thermal water is compared among Iceland, Japan, South Korea and the USA. The pH value of thermal water in Iceland shows 9 or 10, that is evidently higher than those of other silicic crust countries. It is ascribed to the host rock controls that hydrothermal water only attacks anorthite in basalt. The boron and chloride components of thermal water in Iceland are significantly lower than those in Japan and the USA. Their variation ranges show that the boron component in Iceland is 1 magnitude lower than other two countries and the chloride component is 0.5 magnitudes lower. It is also explained by the host rock controls that the basaltic crust in Iceland is 1 magnitude lower in boron and 0.5 magnitudes lower in chloride than the silicic crust in Japan and the USA.
Molecular logic gates: the past, present and future
Erbas-Cakmak, Sundus,Kolemen, Safacan,Sedgwick, Adam C.,Gunnlaugsson, Thorfinnur,James, Tony D.,Yoon, Juyoung,Akkaya, Engin U. Royal Society of Chemistry, etc 2018 Chemical Society reviews Vol.47 No.7
<P>The field of molecular logic gates originated 25 years ago, when A. P. de Silva published a seminal article in <I>Nature</I>. Stimulated by this ground breaking research, scientists were inspired to join the race to simulate the workings of the fundamental components of integrated circuits using molecules. The rules of this game of mimicry were flexible, and have evolved and morphed over the years. This tutorial review takes a look back on and provides an overview of the birth and growth of the field of molecular logics. Spinning-off from chemosensor research, molecular logic gates quickly proved themselves to be more than intellectual exercises and are now poised for many potential practical applications. The ultimate goal of this vein of research became clearer only recently - to “boldly go where no silicon-based logic gate has gone before” and seek out a new deeper understanding of life inside tissues and cells.</P>