Effects of chromium picolinate on fat deposition, activity and genetic expression of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in 21 day old Ross broilers

Chen, Guangxin,Gao, Zhenhua,Chu, Wenhui,Cao, Zan,Li, Chunyi,Zhao, Haiping Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.4

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrP) on fat deposition, genetic expression and enzymatic activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Methods: Two hundred forty one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 Ross broiler chicks per replicate. The normal control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg CrP respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Results: Added CrP in the basal diet decreased the abdominal fat, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width; 0.2 mg/kg CrP significantly decreased the fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymatic (p<0.05); acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymatic activity decreased in all CrP groups (p<0.05); hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) enzymatic activity also decreased, but the change was not significant (p>0.05); 0.4 mg/kg CrP group significantly decreased the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymatic activity. FAS mRNA expression increased in all experimental groups, and the LPL mRNA expression significantly increased in all experimental groups (p<0.05), but not 0.2 mg/kg CrP group. Conclusion: The results indicated that adding CrP in basal diet decreased the abdominal fat percentage, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width, decreased the enzymatic activity of FAS, ACC, LPL and HSL and increased the genetic expression levels of FAS and LPL.

환원된 산화그래픽/젤라틴 복합필름의 합성과 분석

Guangxin Chen,Cong De Qiao,Jing Xu,Jin Shui Yao 한국고분자학회 2014 폴리머 Vol.38 No.4

Reduced graphene oxide(RGO) was fabricated using gelatin as a reductant, and it could be stably dispersed in gelatin solution without aggregation. A series of RGO/gelatin composite films with various RGO contents were pre-pared by a solution-casting method. The structure and thermal properties of the RGO/gelatin composite films were char-acterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravi-metric analysis(TGA). scanning electron microscopy(SEM), differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and thermal gravi-meteic analysis(TGA). The addition of RGD enhances the degree of crosslinking of gelatin films and decreases the swell-ing ability of the gelatin films in water, indicating that RGD/gelatin composite films have a better wet stability than gelatin films, The glass transition temperature(Tg)of gelatin films is also increased with the incorporation of RGO. The presence of RGO silms. Since gelatin is a natural and nontoxic biomacromolecule, the RGD/ gelatin composite films are expected to have potential applications in the biomedical field.

Viscosity properties of gelatin in solutions of monovalent and divalent Salts

Congde Qiao,Guangxin Chen,Yulong, Li,Tianduo Li 한국유변학회 2013 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.25 No.4

The viscosity behaviors of gelatin with and without salts were examined in details by a rotational viscometer and a horizontal gravitational capillary viscometer, ranging from extremely dilute to entangled regimes. It was found that gelatin in salt free solution behaviors as neutral polymer in θ solvent. Polyelectrolyte effect can be found in extremely dilute regime. For gelatin/NaCl solution, the concentration dependence of specific viscosity showed that gelatin behaviors as neutral polymer in good solvent. The two critical concentration c* and ce of gelatin solutions with and without NaCl moved from 4.0 wt% and 14.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% and 12.0 wt%, respectively. Addition of salts can improve the gelatin viscosity. It is the characteristic of a polyampholyte. The viscosity increased more significantly in CaCl2 than that in NaCl solutions. Moreover, the effect of Ca2+ is notable in gelatin solution with high concentrations, especially in entangled solutions.

Properties and Morphology of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Poly(urethane-imide) and Epoxy Resin

Jiangxuan Song,Gang Wu,Jianjun Shi,Yun Ding,Guangxin Chen,Qifang Li 한국고분자학회 2010 Macromolecular Research Vol.18 No.10

Incorporating elastic polyurethane in epoxy resin (EP) can enhance the physico-chemical properties but deteriorate the thermal stability. Poly(urethane-imide) (PUI) with a high reactive function group (-NCO), which combines the advantages of polyurethane and polyimide, was synthesized to simultaneously improve the toughness and thermal stability of epoxy resin. EP/PUI composites were prepared based on epoxy resin and poly(urethaneimide)with 4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane as the curing agent using a simultaneous polymerization method. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of EP-g-PUI interpenetrating polymer networks via a reaction between -NCO of poly(urethane-imide) and -OH of epoxy resin. The thermal stability and mechanical properties were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and stress-tensile method, respectively. Corresponding to the pure epoxy resin, which has three stage thermal decomposition, the resulting PUI/EP composite exhibits only one stage and has a much higher initial decomposition temperature (323.8 oC) than that (189.8 oC)of the epoxy resin. Moreover, the EP/PUI composite has a higher glass transition temperature, tensile strength and breaking elongation when 30 phr PUI was added. With increasing PUI content to 70 phr, the breaking elongation was 213 times higher than that of the neat epoxy resin. The morphology of these composites was also investigated further by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that a grafted interpenetrating polymer network was formed.

Effect of specific functional groups on oil adhesion from mica substrate: Implications for low salinity effect

Jiazhong Wu,Fanghui Liu,Hui Yang,Shijing Xu,Quan Xie,Minghui Zhang,TING CHEN,Guangxin Hu,Jinben Wang 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.56 No.-

Low salinity effect has been in the center of attention as a cost-effective and environmentally friendlytechnique. Wettability alteration of the oil/brine/mica system appears to be the identified mechanism(s)to trigger the low salinity effect. While the effect of water chemistry and minerology on the wettability ofthe system has been extensively investigated, few studies have investigated the effect of specific functiongroups from crude oil on the system wettability, limiting the understanding of how specific functionalgroup contributes to the wettability. We thus experimentally measured the adhesion forces betweenmica surfaces and functional groups (e.g., C6H5–, CH3–, COOH–, and NH2–) in the presence of differentaqueous ionic solutions using chemical force microscopy (CFM). Moreover, to understand thecontribution of the structural force, the traditional Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) theorywas extended (denoted as EDLVO) tofit the force profiles using a Gauss model. Our results showed thatthe adhesion force between mica and functional groups in a decreasing order was –NH2> –COOH> –CH3> –C6H5. We also found that while DLVO forces strongly affected the tip-surface contact due to theinteractions among oil/brine/mica interfaces, the structural forces also played an important role in adistance of 1–20 nm due to the presence of H-bonds between COOH-terminated or NH2-terminated tipand mica surface. We therefore conclude that the structural force largely contributes to the adhesionforce due to the hydrophilicity or polarity of functional groups, and nucleophilic property (such as phenylgroup). Our results suggest that the polarity of the crude oil needs to be considered to screen a candidatereservoir for low salinity waterflooding projects.