Effects of American Ginseng Cultivation on Bacterial Community Structure and Responses of Soil Nutrients in Different Ecological Niches

( Fan Chang ),( Fengan Jia ),( Rui Lv ),( Min Guan ),( Qingan Jia ),( Yan Sun ),( Zhi Li ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.4

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) is a perennial herbaceous plant widely cultivated in China, Korea, the United States, and Japan due to its multifunctional properties. In northwest China, transplanting after 2-3 years has become the main mode of artificial cultivation of American ginseng. However, the effects of the cultivation process on the chemical properties of the soil and bacterial community remain poorly understood. Hence, in the present study, high-throughput sequencing and soil chemical analyses were applied to investigate the differences between bacterial communities and nutrition driver factors in the soil during the cultivation of American ginseng. The responses of soil nutrition in different ecological niches were also determined with the results indicating that the cultivation of American ginseng significantly increased the soluble nutrients in the soil. Moreover, the bacterial diversity fluctuated with cultivation years, and 4-year-old ginseng roots had low bacterial diversity and evenness. In the first two years of cultivation, the bacterial community was more sensitive to soil nutrition compared to the last two years. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes dominated the bacterial community regardless of the cultivation year and ecological niche. With the increase of cultivation years, the assembly of bacterial communities changed from stochastic to deterministic processes. The high abundance of Sphingobium, Novosphingobium, and Rhizorhabdus enriched in 4-years-old ginseng roots was mainly associated with variations in the available potassium (AK), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK), and organic matter (OM).

흉부 CT검사 시 검사부위를 벗어난 Topogram 부위에 Automatic Exposure Control 적용이 선량 및 화질에 미치는 영향

박관중(Guan Jung Park),김영옥(Young Ok Kim),여상근(Sang Geun Yeo),대창민(Chang Min Dae),민관홍(Kwan Hong Min) 대한전산화단층기술학회 2011 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.13 No.2

목적 임상에서 많이 시행하고 있는 흉부 computed tomography(이하 CT) 검사 시, 세 개의 각기 다른 CT장비 제조사의 automatic exposure control(이하 AEC) system을 인체 등가phantom에 적용하여, 검사부위를 벗어난 topogram을 검사하였다. 검사부위를 벗어난 topogram에서 AEC작동유무 및 CT dose index volume(이하 CTDI) 변화를 측정하고, 영상의 노이즈값의 비교를 통하여 선량 및 화질 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 사용된 각 장비 회사별 CT 장비는 Brilliance 64 MDCT(Philips healthcare, 이하 P사), LightSpeed VCT XT 64 MIDCT(General Electric Medical System, 이하 G사), Somatom Definition Dual CT(Siemens Healthcare, 이하 S사)를 사용하였다. Rando phantom을 대상으로 하여 본원에서 흉부 검사 범위로 정하고 있는 성대에서 부신이 충분히 포함된 topogram을 정상군으로 정하고, 정상군과 비교하여 폐첨부에서 머리 방향쪽으로 2cm 검사부위를 벗어난 군을 A군, 4cm는 B군, 6cm는 C군, 8cm를 D군으로 대조군을 정하였다. 선량 평가를 위해 각 장비 제조회사에서 제공하는 CTDI값과 ionization chamber를 이용하여 CTDI값을 실측한 후, 정상군의 CTDI값을 기준으로 대조군의 CTDI 증감률을 산출하였다. 화질 평가는 AAPM phantom을 이용하여 정상군 및 대조군 실험 영상의 6시 방향 1/4지점에서 4×4cm의 크기의 region of interest(이하 ROI)를 설정하여 모든 slice의 평균오차의 값을 노이즈값으로 계산하여 평가하였다. 결과 정상적인 topogram과 검사부위를 벗어난 topogram의 AEC적용 결과는 P사의 경우는 ACS만 적용 시 노이즈값은 정상군은 12.9, A군은 약 12.7(p=0.0273, B군은 약 12.6(p=0.0195), C군은 약 12.2(p=0.002), D군은 약 12.l(p=0.002)로 측정되었으며, 대조군의 CTDI 증감률은 정상군과 비교하여 각 군에서 약 8.9%, 11.1%, 14.4%, 15.6% 증가하였다. ACS combined Z-DOM 적용 시에는 정상군 비교하여 CTDI 증감률은 각 군에서 약 3.0%, 4.0%, 4.0%, 5.0% 증가하지만, 노이즈값은 각 군에서 약 13.3, 약 13.2(p=0.0216), 13.1(p=0.0078), 12.9(p=0.0195), 12.9(p=0.0039)로 측정되었다. ACS combined D-DOM 적용 시에는 CTDI 증감률은 정상군 비교하여 각 군에서 약 0.9%, 1.8%, 1.8%, 2.7% 증가하였고, 노이즈값은 정상군은 약 12.7, 대조군은 약 12.6(p=0.0301), 12.5(p=0.0392), 12.5(p=0.0391), 12(p=0.002)로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. S사의 경우에는 노이즈값은 각 군에서 약 8.0, 7.9(p=0.0376), 7.6(p=0.0277), 7.5(p=0.002), 7.3(p=0.002)로 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. CTDI 증감률은 정상군 비교하여 각 군에서 약 1.2%, 3.4%, 2.3%, 6.9% 증가하였다. G사의 경우는 Auto mA 적용 시, 정상군의 노이즈값은 약 45.0, A군은 약 44.1(p<0.0001), B군은 약 44.1(p<0.0001), C군은 약 44.1(p<0.0001), D군은 약 44.1(p<0.0001)으로 대조군에서는 모두 동일한 결과로 측정되었다. 정상군과 비교하여 대조군 모두 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없이, CTDI 증감률은 정상군과 비교하여 모든 대조군에서 동일하게 약 8.1% 증가를 보였다. 결론 검사부위를 벗어난 topogram을 얻은 후, topogram에 포함되지 않은 영역에 AEC를 적용하게 되면, 각 장비 회사마다 다소 차이는 있지만 영상의 질적 차이 없이 방사선 피폭선량이 최소 약 0.9%에서 최대 15.6% 증가하였다. 따라서 AEC를 적용 시 정확한 환자의 위치잡이가 선행되어야 topogram을 통해 정확한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 그 정보를 바탕으로 AEC가 올바르게 동작하여 선량의 최적화를 달성할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. I. Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of radiation dose and image quality in outside topogram of scan range applying automatic exposure control (AEC) through phantom study in chest CT. II. Meterial and Methods A Rando anthropomorphic chest phantom and AAPM phantom was scanned on a 64 multi detector CT using the AEC systems from three different manufacturers: General Electric Healthcare, Philips Medical Systems and Siemens Medical Solutions. A general scanning protocol was created for each examination where as many as possible of the scanning parameters were set equal. Divided into 5 groups according to include and not be scan range of topogram. Topogram, normally including scan range, is defined normal group. If not was control group, the group which was 2 an outside topogram of scan range toward head from lung apex was designated as A group, B group in 4 cm off, C group in 6 an off, and D group in 8 an off. CTDI was measured using ionization chamber and provided by CT modality. CTDI fluctuation ratios of control groups were calculated based on the values of CTDI in normal group. For the evaluation of image quality, mean error value was assessed by the image noise from AAPM phantom. III. Result As a result of application of AEC to normal and control groups, in case of P, when applying only ACS, noise of normal group was 12.9, 12.7(p=0.0273) in A group, 12.6(p=0.0195) in B group, 12.2(p=0.002) in C group, 12.1(p=0.002) in D group. CTDI fluctuation ratios of control group was increased by 8.9%i, 11.1%, 14.4%, 15.6% respectively in each group compared to normal group. When applying ACS combined Z-OOM, the CTDI fluctuation ratios of control groups was increased by 3.0%, 4.0%, 4.0%, 5.0% respectively, compared to normal group. However, noise was appeared to be 13.3, 13.2(p=0.0216), 13.1(p=0.0078), 12.9(p=0.0195), 12.9(p=0.0039). When applying ACS combined D-DOM, the CTDI fluctuation ratios was increased by 0.9%, 1.8%, 1.8%, 2.7% while noise value in normal group was 12.7, 12.6(p=0.0301), 12.5(p=0.0392, 12.5(p=0.0391), 12(p=0.002). No statistical significant difference was found. In case of S, noise appeared to be 8.0, 7.9(p=0.0376), 7.6(p=0.0277), 7.5(p=0.002), 7.3(p=0.002) respectively in each group leading to no statistical significant difference. CTDI fluctuation ratios, comparing to normal group, was increased by 1.2%, 3.4%, 2.3%, 6.9%. In case of G, when applying AutomA, the noise of normal group was measured to be 4.0, and 44.1(p<0.0001) in A~D control groups, Compared to normal group, there was no statistical significant difference in control groups, and also the fluctuation ratio (%) of CTDI showed the same ratio of 8.1% in all control groups. IV. Conclusions Radiation dose by different mmufacturer was increased by at minimum 0.9% up to at maximum 15.6%. And it was little difference of image quality found at all. Consequently, projection of topogram, normally included scan range, is very important applying AEC in CT examination.

Responses of Soil Rare and Abundant Sub- Communities and Physicochemical Properties after Application of Different Chinese Herb Residue Soil Amendments

( Fan Chang ),( Fengan Jia ),( Min Guan ),( Qingan Jia ),( Yan Sun ),( Zhi Li ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.5

Microbial diversity in the soil is responsive to changes in soil composition. However, the impact of soil amendments on the diversity and structure of rare and abundant sub-communities in agricultural systems is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of different Chinese herb residue (CHR) soil amendments and cropping systems on bacterial rare and abundant subcommunities. Our results showed that the bacterial diversity and structure of these subcommunities in soil had a specific distribution under the application of different soil amendments. The CHR soil amendments with high nitrogen and organic matter additives significantly increased the relative abundance and stability of rare taxa, which increased the structural and functional redundancy of soil bacterial communities. Rare and abundant sub-communities also showed different preferences in terms of bacterial community composition, as the former was enriched with Bacteroidetes while the latter had more Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. All applications of soil amendments significantly improved soil quality of newly created farmlands in whole maize cropping system. Rare sub-communitiy genera Niastella and Ohtaekwangia were enriched during the maize cropping process, and Nitrososphaera was enriched under the application of simple amendment group soil. Thus, Chinese medicine residue soil amendments with appropriate additives could affect soil rare and abundant sub-communities and enhance physicochemical properties. These findings suggest that applying soil composite amendments based on CHR in the field could improve soil microbial diversity, microbial redundancy, and soil fertility for sustainable agriculture on the Loess Plateau.

Breast Cancer Association Studies in a Han Chinese Population using 10 European-ancestry-associated Breast Cancer Susceptibility SNPs

Guan, Yan-Ping,Yang, Xue-Xi,Yao, Guang-Yu,Qiu, Fei,Chen, Jun,Chen, Lu-Jia,Ye, Chang-Sheng,Li, Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified various genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer based mainly on European-ancestry populations. Differing linkage disequilibrium patterns exist between European and Asian populations. Methods: Ten SNPs (rs2075555 in COL1A1, rs12652447 in FBXL17, rs10941679 in 5p12/MRPS30, rs11878583 in ZNF577, rs7166081 in SMAD3, rs16917302 in ZNF365, rs311499 in 20q13.3, rs1045485 in CASP8, rs12964873 in CDH1 and rs8170 in 19p13.1) were here genotyped in 1009 Chinese females (487 patients with breast cancer and 522 control subjects) using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. Association analysis based on unconditional logistic regression was carried out to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each SNP. Stratification analyses were carried out based on the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. Results: Among the 10 SNPs, rs10941679 showed significant association with breast cancer when differences between the case and control groups in this Han Chinese population were compared (30.09% GG, 45.4% GA and 23.7% AA; P = 0.012). Four SNPs (rs311499, rs1045485, rs12964873 and rs8170) showed no polymorphisms in our study. The remaining five SNPs showed no association with breast cancer in the present population. Immunohistochemical tests showed that rs2075555 was associated with ER status; the AA genotype showed greater association with ER negative than ER positive (OR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.29-0.99; P = 0.046). AA of rs7166081 was also associated with ER status, but showed a greater association with ER positive than negative (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.04-2.44; P = 0.031). However, no significant associations were found among the SNPs and PR status. Conclusion: In this study using a Han Chinese population, rs10941679 was the only SNP associated with breast cancer risk, indicating a difference between European and Chinese populations in susceptibility loci. Therefore, confirmation studies are necessary before utilization of these loci in Chinese.

A Robust H∞ Control Approach for a Class of Networked Control Systems with Sampling Jitter and Packet-dropout

Chang-chun Hua,Shao-Chong Yu,Xin-Ping Guan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2014 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.12 No.4

This paper is concerned with the robust H∞ control problem for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with sampling jitter, short time-varying delays and packet-dropouts. By considering state feedback controller, the close-loop NCS is described as a discrete-time linear switched system model with uncertainties. Based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, a robust H∞ condition is proposed to solve the H∞ stability and stabilization problems for the considered NCS. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.

Influence of doping iron ions into Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films in the morphology and photovoltaic properties of thin-film solar cells

Guan-Lin Chiu,T. Subburaj,Sudipta Som,Chang-Ying Ou,Chung-Hsin Lu 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.10

The iron-ion doped Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films were prepared on flexible stainless steel substrates via a non-vacuum spin-coatingprocess. The influence of iron-ion doping in the morphology and properties of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells was investigated indetail. When the molar ratio of iron ions to the total amount of indium and gallium ions in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 was increased, thegrain sizes of the Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films were reduced and the grain morphology became angular. Iron-ion doping in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films substantially facilitated the formation of grain boundaries and additional shunt paths, leading to highprobability of electron-hole recombination. As a result, the conversion efficiency of the prepared Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cellsdecreased dramatically due to iron-ion doping.

문항반응이론에 의한 보긴의학기술계열 국가시험개선방안에 관한 연구

이창규 ( Chang Kyou Lee ),이승관 ( Seung Guan Lee ),조경진 ( Kyung Jin Cho ),박종성 ( Jong Sung Park ),정수경 ( Su Kyung Jung ),유병서 ( Byung Seo Yoo ),박상숙 ( Sang Suk Park ),윤효숙 ( Hyo Suk Youn ),황선철 ( Sun Chul Hwang ) 대한임상검사과학회 1998 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.30 No.3

The nationally-governed examinations for certification of allied health professions in Korea have been continued for thirty three years. During that time, there were a lot of managerial improvements in carrying out the examinations, for example, the looking-over the papers converted from manual method to computerized one. Nevertheless, the overall aspects of item management in the national examinations are still remained as obsolete style. In some developed countries they have already tried or adopted computerized system in making questions, executing item analysis, developing item banking, and in overall management of examinations, looking over papers for their national licensure examinations, and have established good reputations. Since the National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board was established in 1998, now we can expect there would be a lots of improvements in the managerial systems and organizational structures associated with the national licensing examinations suggesting followings. 1. The contents and scope of the licensing examinations based on job analysis should be announced publicaly. 2. Items should be developed based on the scopes and contents of job characteristics. 3. All the developed items for the licensing examinations should be tested quantitatively prior to banking items. 4. All the parameters of the stored items should be fully estimated through item response theory. 5. All the efforts should be given in order to execute the examinations in individual residential areas on behalf of every examinee. 6. To the licensing examination system the Computerized Adaptive Testing system should be introduced in order to enhance the efficiencies. 7. Security enhancement on the stored items should be reminded in order to prevent leaking out the banking items. 8. Much more improvements should be made for the proper job evaluations. 9. Every efforts should be given to prevent cheatings encountable during the examinations. 10. Make the best of professional volunteers from the various fields in the execution of licensing examinations. 11. Consider a new system in that examinations can be executed twice or more In a year. 12. The current methods of presiding over the examinations should be replaced by a more reasonable one. 13. The results of the examinations should be announced as soon as possible In order not to prolong the examinees`` unemployment periods. 14. The National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board should try to rationalize the management keeping step with the information-oriented society.

Chemical constituents of the stems of Celastrus rugosus

Ruijie Chang,Chunhui Wang,Qi Zeng,Bin Guan,Wei Dong Zhang,Hui Zi Jin 대한약학회 2013 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.36 No.11

Two new sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids rugosusinesA and B (1 and 2), and thirty-one known compoundswere isolated from the stems of Celastrus rugosus. The structures of new compounds were elucidated bydetailed spectroscopic analysis, including HR-ESI–MS and2D NMR spectroscopic data. All the compounds wereisolated from this plant for the first time. The cytotoxicitiesof these compounds were tested against SKOV3 and MGC-803 cell lines by CCK-8 method.

Animation of Bird Characters with Special Focus on Rio(2011)

Yiping Guan,Yeonghyeon Kim,Wooksang Chang 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2022 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.9 No.2

Superconducting topological surface states in non-centrosymmetric bulk superconductor PbTaSe₂

Syu-You Guan,Peng-Jen Chen,Ming-Wen Chu,Raman Sankar,Fangcheng Chou,Horng-Tay Jeng,Tien-Ming Chuang,Chia-Seng Chang 한국진공학회 2016 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2016 No.8