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Grim, Christopher J.,Zo, Young-Gun,Hasan, Nur A.,Ali, Afsar,Chowdhury, Wasimul B.,Islam, Atiqul,Rashid, Mohammed H.,Alam, Munirul,Morris Jr., J. Glenn,Huq, Anwar,Colwell, Rita R. American Society for Microbiology 2009 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.75 No.17
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>A species-specific RNA colony blot hybridization protocol was developed for enumeration of culturable <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> and <I>Vibrio mimicus</I> bacteria in environmental water samples. Bacterial colonies on selective or nonselective plates were lysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the lysates were immobilized on nylon membranes. A fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probe targeting a phylogenetic signature sequence of 16S rRNA of <I>V. cholerae</I> and <I>V. mimicus</I> was hybridized to rRNA molecules immobilized on the nylon colony lift blots. The protocol produced strong positive signals for all colonies of the 15 diverse <I>V. cholerae</I>-<I>V. mimicus</I> strains tested, indicating 100% sensitivity of the probe for the targeted species. For visible colonies of 10 nontarget species, the specificity of the probe was calculated to be 90% because of a weak positive signal produced by <I>Grimontia</I> (<I>Vibrio</I>) <I>hollisae</I>, a marine bacterium. When both the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated using lake water samples amended with a bioluminescent <I>V. cholerae</I> strain, no false-negative or false-positive results were found, indicating 100% sensitivity and specificity for culturable bacterial populations in freshwater samples when <I>G. hollisae</I> was not present. When the protocol was applied to laboratory microcosms containing <I>V. cholerae</I> attached to live copepods, copepods were found to carry approximately 10,000 to 50,000 CFU of <I>V. cholerae</I> per copepod. The protocol was also used to analyze pond water samples collected in an area of cholera endemicity in Bangladesh over a 9-month period. Water samples collected from six ponds demonstrated a peak in abundance of total culturable <I>V. cholerae</I> bacteria 1 to 2 months prior to observed increases in pathogenic <I>V. cholerae</I> and in clinical cases recorded by the area health clinic. The method provides a highly specific and sensitive tool for monitoring the dynamics of <I>V. cholerae</I> in the environment. The RNA blot hybridization protocol can also be applied to detection of other gram-negative bacteria for taxon-specific enumeration.</P>
Growing religion and growing religious restrictions: A global overview
Brian J. Grim 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2014 International Area Studies Review Vol.17 No.2
Major cross-national social scientific studies by the Pew Research Center reveal that theoverwhelming majority people today self-identify as being affiliated with one religion or another,and even among people who are religiously unaffiliated, many have some religious beliefs orengage in some religious practices. The prospects for continued growth of religious populationsappear strong as they are younger on average than the world’s religiously unaffiliated population. In recent years, however, despite—or perhaps related to—the global prevalence of religion,government restrictions on religion and social hostilities involving religion have been rising inmost regions of the world. While causes of the increase are numerous and multidimensional,data reveal a clear and strong association between government restrictions and social hostilities,a pattern particularly pronounced in the Middle East during the Arab Spring. Studies also showthat many people, especially in non-Western countries, have somewhat conservative and strongreligious beliefs and attitudes. Such beliefs and attitudes also have a connection to the level ofreligious restrictions and hostilities around the world.
Chun, J.,Grim, C. J.,Hasan, N. A.,Lee, J. H.,Choi, S. Y.,Haley, B. J.,Taviani, E.,Jeon, Y.-S.,Kim, D. W.,Lee, J.-H.,Brettin, T. S.,Bruce, D. C.,Challacombe, J. F.,Detter, J. C.,Han, C. S.,Munk, A. C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.106 No.36
<P>Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a bacterium autochthonous to the aquatic environment, and a serious public health threat. V. cholerae serogroup O1 is responsible for the previous two cholera pandemics, in which classical and El Tor biotypes were dominant in the sixth and the current seventh pandemics, respectively. Cholera researchers continually face newly emerging and reemerging pathogenic clones carrying diverse combinations of phenotypic and genotypic properties, which significantly hampered control of the disease. To elucidate evolutionary mechanisms governing genetic diversity of pandemic V. cholerae, we compared the genome sequences of 23 V. cholerae strains isolated from a variety of sources over the past 98 years. The genome-based phylogeny revealed 12 distinct V. cholerae lineages, of which one comprises both O1 classical and El Tor biotypes. All seventh pandemic clones share nearly identical gene content. Using analogy to influenza virology, we define the transition from sixth to seventh pandemic strains as a 'shift' between pathogenic clones belonging to the same O1 serogroup, but from significantly different phyletic lineages. In contrast, transition among clones during the present pandemic period is characterized as a 'drift' between clones, differentiated mainly by varying composition of laterally transferred genomic islands, resulting in emergence of variants, exemplified by V. cholerae O139 and V. cholerae O1 El Tor hybrid clones. Based on the comparative genomics it is concluded that V. cholerae undergoes extensive genetic recombination via lateral gene transfer, and, therefore, genome assortment, not serogroup, should be used to define pathogenic V. cholerae clones.</P>
Genomic analysis of a novel integrative conjugative element in Vibrio cholerae
Taviani, E.,Grim, C.J.,Chun, J.,Huq, A.,Colwell, R.R. North-Holland Pub ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2009 FEBS letters Vol.583 No.22
Integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) are a class of self-transmissible mobile elements that mediate horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, and play an important role in bacterial evolution. Since 1992, ICEs of the SXT/R391 family have been found to be widely distributed among Vibrio cholerae strains isolated in Asian countries. Here we describe ICEVchB33, an ICE found in the genomes of two V. cholerae O1 Eltor strains, one isolated in India, 1994, and the other from Mozambique, 2004. ICEVchB33 revealed a new genetic organization, different from other ICEs of the SXT/R391 family, demonstrating the genomic plasticity of these elements.
Comparative genomics of clinical and environmental Vibrio mimicus
Hasan, N. A.,Grim, C. J.,Haley, B. J.,Chun, J.,Alam, M.,Taviani, E.,Hoq, M.,Munk, A. C.,Saunders, E.,Brettin, T. S.,Bruce, D. C.,Challacombe, J. F.,Detter, J. C.,Han, C. S.,Xie, G.,Nair, G. B.,Huq, A. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.107 No.49
Legorization from silhouette-fitted voxelization
( Kyungha Min ),( Cheolseong Park ),( Heekyung Yang ),( Grim Yun ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.6
We present a legorization framework that produces a LEGO model from user-specified 3D mesh model. Our framework is composed of two stages: voxelization and legorization. In the voxelization, input 3D mesh is converted to a voxel model. To preserve the shape of the 3D mesh, we devise a silhouette fitting process for the initial voxel model. For legorization, we propose three objectives: stability, aesthetics and efficiency. These objectives are expressed in a tiling equation, which builds a LEGO model using layer-by-layer approach. We legorize five models including characters and buildings to prove the excellence of our framework.
Mantle cell lymphoma relapsed after autologous stem cell transplantation: a single-center experience
Aaron Wu,Solomon A. Graf,Nicholas Burwick,Jonathan E. Grim,Zhao Ming Dong,Robert E. Richard,Thomas R. Chauncey 대한혈액학회 2020 Blood Research Vol.55 No.1
BackgroundAutologous stem cell transplantation (autoSCT) can extend remission of mantle cell lym-phoma (MCL), but the management of subsequent relapse is challenging.MethodsWe examined consecutive patients with MCL who underwent autoSCT at Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System between 2009 and 2017 (N=37).ResultsTen patients experienced disease progression after autoSCT and were included in this analysis. Median progression free survival after autoSCT was 1.8 years (range, 0.3‒7.1) and median overall survival after progression was only 0.7 years (range, 0.1 to not reached). The 3 patients who survived more than 1 year after progression were treated with ibrutinib.ConclusionOur findings suggest that ibrutinib can achieve relatively prolonged control of MCL pro-gressing after autoSCT.