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Magnetization Study of a GdFe5Al7 Single Crystal
Denis I. Gorbunov,Alexander V. Andreev,Michael D. Kuz’min 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.10
A GdFe5Al7 single crystal with the tetragonal ThMn12-type structure has been studied in magnetic fields up to 14 T. The compound is ordered ferrimagnetically below TC = 262 K. Magnetization isotherms measured along the main crystallographic directions indicate that GdFe5Al7 displays easy-plane anisotropy. Anisotropy is also present within the basal plane between the [100] and [110]axes. The easy magnetization direction is the [110] axis with the spontaneous magnetic moment Ms = 0.58 µB/f.u. at T = 2 K.
Maksym Spiryagin,유홍희,이관수,Valentyn Spiryagin,Mykola Gorbunov 대한기계학회 2013 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.27 No.7
The problem of improving the tractive and dynamic performance of locomotives by means of using axle boxes with inclined radius links was investigated. The kinematics of axle boxes with different variants (different angles) and designs of inclined radius links, based on the vector contour method for link mechanisms, was studied. The results of a bogie design with vertically inclined radius links were used for the improvement of vertical load distribution for locomotives. The behavior of a locomotive running in a curve is more complicated because the lateral forces appear between a flange of the wheel and the head of the rail in the contact zone, and the values of wheel slip are higher than for straight sections of track. These two factors are the main reasons for wheel wear. Theoretical and experimental investigations to reduce wear and to improve vehicle dynamics were made, and the results obtained show that an effective solution can be reached by the use of inclined links to the longitudinal axis of a bogie in the horizontal plane. Questions about the development of a bogie with a radial installation and active steering are discussed.
The fate of photons absorbed by phytoplankton in the global ocean
Lin, Hanzhi,Kuzminov, Fedor I.,Park, Jisoo,Lee, SangHoon,Falkowski, Paul G.,Gorbunov, Maxim Y. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2016 Science Vol.351 No.6270
<P>Solar radiation absorbed by marine phytoplankton can follow three possible paths. By simultaneously measuring the quantum yields of photochemistry and chlorophyll fluorescence in situ, we calculate that, on average, similar to 60% of absorbed photons are converted to heat, only 35% are directed toward photochemical water splitting, and the rest are reemitted as fluorescence. The spatial pattern of fluorescence yields and lifetimes strongly suggests that photochemical energy conversion is physiologically limited by nutrients. Comparison of in situ fluorescence lifetimes with satellite retrievals of solar-induced fluorescence yields suggests that the mean values of the latter are generally representative of the photophysiological state of phytoplankton; however, the signal-to-noise ratio is unacceptably low in extremely oligotrophic regions, which constitute 30% of the open ocean.</P>
Park, Jisoo,Kuzminov, Fedor I.,Bailleul, Benjamin,Yang, Eun Jin,Lee, SangHoon,Falkowski, Paul G.,Gorbunov, Maxim Y. Wiley (John WileySons) 2017 Limnology and Oceanography Vol.62 No.5
<P>Amundsen Sea polynyas are among the most productive, yet climate-sensitive ecosystems in the Southern Ocean and host massive annual phytoplankton blooms. These blooms are believed to be controlled by iron fluxes from melting ice and icebergs and by intrusion of nutrient-rich Circumpolar Deep Water, however the interplay between iron effects and other controls, such as light availability, has not yet been quantified. Here, we examine phytoplankton photophysiology in relation to Fe stress and physical forcing in two largest polynyas, Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP) and Pine Island Polynya (PIP), using the combination of high-resolution variable fluorescence measurements, fluorescence lifetime analysis, photosynthetic rates, and Feenrichment incubations. These analyses revealed strong Fe stress in the ASP, whereas the PIP showed virtually no signatures of Fe limitation. In spite of enhanced iron availability in the PIP, chlorophyll biomass remained similar to 30-50% lower than in the Fe-stressed ASP. This apparent paradox would not have been observed if iron were the main control of phytoplankton bloom in the Amundsen Sea. Long-term satellite-based climatology records revealed that the ASP is exposed to significantly higher solar irradiance levels throughout the summer season, as compared to the PIP region, suggesting that light availability controls the magnitude of phytoplankton blooms in the Amundsen Sea. Our data suggests that higher Fe availability (e.g., due to higher melting rates of ice sheets) would not necessarily increase primary productivity in this region. Furthermore, stronger wind-driven vertical mixing in expanding ice-free areas may lead to reduction in light availability and productivity in the future.</P>