http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Gopal, Dhananjay,Hasan, Mohammad,Imdad, Mohammad Korean Mathematical Society 2012 대한수학회논문집 Vol.27 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to improve certain results proved in a recent paper of Soliman et al. [20]. These results are the outcome of utilizing the idea of absorbing pairs due to Gopal et al. [6] as opposed to two conditions namely: weak compatibility and the peculiar condition initiated by Pant [15] to ascertain the common fixed points of Lipschitzian mappings. Some illustrative examples are also furnished to highlight the realized improvements.
Gopal, Velmani,Mandal, Vivekananda,Tangjang, Sumpam,Mandal, Subhash C. KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2014 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.17 No.1
Objectives: The present study investigated the protective effect of Wattakaka (W.) volubilis leaf extract against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (with six rats in each group) and were fed ad libitum. The rats were fasted for sixteen hours before diabetes was induced by injecting a single dose of 90 mg/kg body weight of STZ in 0.9-percent normal saline through an intraperitoneal route. The five groups were as follows: Group 1: normal control (saline-treated), Group 2: untreated diabetic rats, Groups 3 and 4: diabetic rats treated orally with petroleum ether cold maceration extract (PEME) of W. volubilis (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight), and Group 5: diabetic rats treated orally with metformin (250 mg/kg body weight). All rats received treatment for 21 days. For the STZ-induced diabetic rats, the blood-glucose, ${\alpha}$-amylase, total protein and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were measured on days 7, 14 and 21 of the treatment with PEME of W. volubilis and the treatment with metformin. Histopathological changes in the liver were examined with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Morphological changes in the liver were also examined with glutaraldehyde fixation. Results: The treatments with PEME of W. volubilis and with metformin in experimental rats by oral injections for 21 days produced reductions in the levels of serum biochemical markers. Histopathology and scanning electron microscopy results showed that the administrations of PEME of W. volubilis and of metformin suppressed the generation of abnormal liver cells in the STZ-treated rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that both PEME of W. volubilis and metformin have a protective effect against STZ-induced diabetes.
Endo-sulfatase Sulf-1 Protein Expression is Down-regulated in Gastric Cancer
Gopal, Gopisetty,Shirley, Sundersingh,Raja, Uthandaraman Mahalinga,Rajkumar, Thangarajan Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.2
In our recent report on gene expression in gastric cancer we identified the endo-sulfatase Sulf-1 gene to be up-regulated in gastric tumors relative to apparently normal (AN), and paired normal (PN) gastric tissue samples. In the present report we investigate the protein expression levels of Sulf-1 gene in gastric tumors, AN and PN samples using tissue microarray (TMA) and immunohistochemistry. Expression data was collected from two sets of TMA's containing replicate sections of tissue samples. Scoring data from TMA set-1 revealed a significant difference in Sulf-1 immunoreactivity between tumors and "normals" (PN and AN) (p-value = 0.001928). Also, Sulf-1 expression in tumors was also significantly different from either PN (p-value = 0.019) or AN (p-value = 0.006) samples. Similar results were obtained from analysis of scoring data from the second set of arrays. Comparison of mRNA expression and protein expression in gastric tumor tissues revealed that in 6/20 (30%) tumor samples showed up-regulated protein expression concordant with over-expression of mRNA. However, a discord with mRNA being over-expressed relative to down regulated protein expression was observed in majority 14/20 (70%) of tumor samples. Our study indicates down regulation of Sulf-1 protein expression in gastric tumors relative to PN and AN samples which is discordant with mRNA over-expression seen in tumors.
Gopal, Ramamourthy,Kim, Young Gwon,Lee, Jun Ho,Lee, Seog Ki,Chae, Jeong Don,Son, Byoung Kwan,Seo, Chang Ho,Park, Yoonkyung American Society for Microbiology 2014 Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy Vol.58 No.3
<P>The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens highlights the need to identify novel antibiotics. Here we investigated the efficacies of four new antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) for potential drug development. The antibacterial activities, synergistic effects, and antibiofilm properties of the four chimeric AMPs were tested against <I>Acinetobacter baumannii</I>, an emerging Gram-negative, nosocomial, drug-resistant pathogen. Nineteen <I>A. baumannii</I> strains resistant to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and erythromycin were isolated at a hospital from patients with cholelithiasis. All four peptides exhibited significant antibacterial effects (MIC = 3.12 to 12.5 μM) against all 19 strains, whereas five commercial antibiotics showed little or no activity against the same pathogens. An exception was polymyxin, which was effective against all of the strains tested. Each of the peptides showed synergy against one or more strains when administered in combination with cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin. The peptides also exhibited an ability to prevent biofilm formation, which was not seen with cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin, though polymyxin also inhibited biofilm formation. Indeed, when administered in combination with ciprofloxacin, the AMP HPMA exerted a potent synergistic effect against <I>A. baumannii</I> biofilm formation. Collectively, our findings indicate that the AMPs tested have no cytotoxicity but possess potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities and may act synergistically with commercial antibiotics. </P>
Gopal, Ramamourthy,Na, Hyungjong,Seo, Chang Ho,Park, Yoonkyung Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MD 2012 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.13 No.11
<P>The presence of lysine (Lys) or arginine (Arg) and tryptophan (Trp) are important for the antimicrobial effects of cationic peptides. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of antimicrobial peptides with various numbers of Lys (or Arg) and Trp repeats [(KW and RW)<I><SUB>n</SUB></I>-NH<SUB>2</SUB>, where <I>n</I> equals 2, 3, 4, or 5]. Antifungal activities of these peptides increased with chain length. Light microscopy demonstrated that longer peptides (<I>n</I> = 4, 5) strongly inhibited <I>in vitro</I> growth of <I>Fusarium solani</I>, and <I>Fusarium oxysporum</I>, at 4–32 μM. Furthermore, longer peptides displayed potent fungicidal activities against a variety of agronomical important filamentous fungi, including <I>F. solani</I> and <I>F. oxysporum</I>, at their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). However, RW series peptides showed slightly higher fungicidal activities than KW peptides against the two strains. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that these short peptides would be good candidates for use as synthetic or transgenic antifungal agents.</P>
Reversed sequence enhances antimicrobial activity of a synthetic peptide
Gopal, Ramamourthy,Kim, Young Jin,Seo, Chang Ho,Hahm, Kyung‐,Soo,Park, Yoonkyung John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2011 Journal of peptide science Vol.17 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A class of cationic antimicrobial peptides involved in host defense consists of sequences rich in Lys and Trp. Small peptides, (WK)<SUB>3</SUB> and (KW)<SUB>3</SUB>, were designed by the combination of alternating Lys (K) and Trp (W) amino acids, and then their antimicrobial and hemolytic activities were determined. It was noticed that the reversed sequence of (KW)<SUB>3</SUB> showed more activity against all strains than did (WK)<SUB>3</SUB>. The non‐hemolytic behavior of (WK)<SUB>3</SUB> is identical to that of the reversed analog of (KW)<SUB>3</SUB>. CD spectra revealed that these peptides had an unfolded structure in buffer and EYPC:CH (10:1, w/w), but adopted folded conformation in the presence of EYPE:EYPG (7:3, w/w). The reversed‐(KW)<SUB>3</SUB> peptide caused a higher extent of calcein release from EYPE:EYPG (7:3, w/w), though the activity was higher than that of the (WK)<SUB>3</SUB>. The interaction of the peptides with model lipid vesicles was examined using Trp fluorescence. The reversed‐(KW)<SUB>3</SUB> showed higher interaction with EYPE:EYPG (7:3, w/w) membrane than did (WK)<SUB>3</SUB>. Both the peptides show less affinities while binding to EYPC:CH (10:1, w/w). This clearly indicated that the reversal of sequence factors is relevant to increased antimicrobial activity and lipid membrane permeability. Copyright © 2011 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>