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Compressive rheology of aggregated particulate suspensions
Gladman Brendan,Usher Shane P.,Scales Peter J. The Korean Society of Rheology 2006 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.18 No.4
The measurement of the compressional rheological parameters for an aggregated particulate suspension is described. The parameters include the compressive yield stress and hindered settling function, describing the extent and rate of dewatering respectively. The variation of these parameters with shear rate and time of shear is also considered in the light of their sensitivity to low shear rates, with particular reference to the case of flocculated particulate suspensions. The latter is seen to be important in the future development of a comprehensive understanding of compressive rheology of aggregated particulate suspensions in industrial applications such as thickening, filtration and centrifugation.
Urowitz, M. B.,Gladman, D.,Ibañ,ez, D.,Fortin, P.,Sanchez-Guerrero, J.,Bae, S.,Clarke, A.,Bernatsky, S.,Gordon, C.,Hanly, J.,Wallace, D.,Isenberg, D.,Ginzler, E.,Merrill, J.,Alarcó,n, G. S Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Vol.59 No.2
<B>Objective</B><P>To examine the accumulation of risk factors over 3 years in a multicenter, international inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</P><B>Methods</B><P>The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics registry for atherosclerosis comprises 27 centers from 11 countries. An inception cohort of 935 patients with SLE was assembled, according to a standardized protocol, from 2000 to 2006 to study risk factors for atherosclerosis. Both classic and other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors were collected at entry and through 3 years of followup. Therapy was documented over the 3 years. The Framingham 10-year risk factor profile was calculated for each patient at year 1 and year 3.</P><B>Results</B><P>A total of 278 patients from the inception cohort were followed for 3 years and constituted the population for this study. At enrollment a substantial number of patients already demonstrated several risk factors for CAD, both classic and other. All risk factors increased from enrollment over the 3 years of followup. Treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia also increased over 3 years, but less so for hypercholesterolemia. The Framingham 10-year CAD risk profile was higher in men than in women both at entry and at 3 years, and remained unchanged over the 3 years. Corticosteroid use increased only slightly over 3 years, but use of antimalarials and immunosuppressive agents increased to a greater extent.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Patients with SLE should be monitored for CAD risk factors from the time of diagnosis and appropriate treatment should be instituted early.</P>
Compressive rheology of aggregated particulate suspensions
Peter J. Scales,Shane P. Usher,Brendan Gladman 한국유변학회 2006 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.18 No.4
The measurement of the compressional rheological parameters for an aggregated particulate suspension is described. The parameters include the compressive yield stress and hindered settling function, describing the extent and rate of dewatering respectively. The variation of these parameters with shear rate and time of shear is also considered in the light of their sensitivity to low shear rates, with particular reference to the case of flocculated particulate suspensions. The latter is seen to be important in the future development of a comprehensive understanding of compressive rheology of aggregated particulate suspensions in industrial applications such as thickening, filtration and centrifugation.
Lertratanakul, Apinya,Wu, Peggy,Dyer, Alan,Urowitz, Murray,Gladman, Dafna,Fortin, Paul,Bae, Sang-Cheol,Gordon, Caroline,Clarke, Ann,Bernatsky, Sasha,Hanly, John G,Isenberg, David,Rahman, Anisur,Merril John Wiley Sons 2014 Arthritis care & research Vol.66 No.8
<P>An association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D; vitamin D) deficiency and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and CV disease (CVD) has been shown in general population studies. Vitamin D deficiency has been noted in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and CVD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE. The objectives of this study were to estimate the associations of 25(OH)D levels with CV risk factors and to determine whether low baseline 25(OH)D levels predict future CV events in patients participating in an international inception cohort.</P>
Hanly, J. G.,Urowitz, M. B.,Siannis, F.,Farewell, V.,Gordon, C.,Bae, S. C.,Isenberg, D.,Dooley, M. A.,Clarke, A.,Bernatsky, S.,Gladman, D.,Fortin, P. R.,Manzi, S.,Steinsson, K.,Bruce, I. N.,Ginzler, E Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Vol.58 No.3
<B>Objective</B><P>To examine, in an inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, the association between neuropsychiatric (NP) events and anti–ribosomal P (anti-P), antiphospholipid (lupus anticoagulant [LAC], anticardiolipin), anti–β2-glycoprotein I, and anti–NR2 glutamate receptor antibodies.</P><B>Methods</B><P>NP events were identified using the American College of Rheumatology case definitions and clustered into central/peripheral and diffuse/focal events. Attribution of NP events to SLE was determined using decision rules of differing stringency. Autoantibodies were measured without knowledge of NP events or their attribution.</P><B>Results</B><P>Four hundred twelve patients were studied (87.4% female; mean ± SD age 34.9 ± 13.5 years, mean ± SD disease duration 5.0 ± 4.2 months). There were 214 NP events in 133 patients (32.3%). The proportion of NP events attributed to SLE varied from 15% to 36%. There was no association between autoantibodies and NP events overall. However, the frequency of anti-P antibodies in patients with central NP events attributed to SLE was 4 of 20 (20%), versus 3 of 107 (2.8%) in patients with other NP events and 24 of 279 (8.6%) in those with no NP events (P = 0.04). Among patients with diffuse NP events, 3 of 11 had anti-P antibodies (27%), compared with 4 of 111 patients with other NP events (3.6%) and 24 of 279 of those with no NP events (8.6%) (P = 0.02). Specific clinical–serologic associations were found between anti-P and psychosis attributed to SLE (P = 0.02) and between LAC and cerebrovascular disease attributed to SLE (P = 0.038). There was no significant association between other autoantibodies and NP events.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Clinically distinct NP events attributed to SLE and occurring around the time of diagnosis were found to be associated with anti-P antibodies and LAC. This suggests that there are different autoimmune pathogenetic mechanisms, although low sensitivity limits the clinical application of testing for these antibodies.</P>
Hanly, J. G.,Urowitz, M. B.,Sanchez-Guerrero, J.,Bae, S. C.,Gordon, C.,Wallace, D. J.,Isenberg, D.,Alarcó,n, G. S.,Clarke, A.,Bernatsky, S.,Merrill, J. T.,Petri, M.,Dooley, M. A.,Gladman, D.,For Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2007 Vol.56 No.1
<B>Objective</B><P>To describe the prevalence, characteristics, attribution, and clinical significance of neuropsychiatric (NP) events in an international inception cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.</P><B>Methods</B><P>The study was conducted by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC). Patients were enrolled within 15 months of fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) SLE classification criteria. All NP events within a predefined enrollment window were identified using the ACR case definitions of 19 NP syndromes. Decision rules were derived to determine the proportion of NP disease attributable to SLE. Clinical significance was determined using the Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey and the SLICC/ACR Damage Index (SDI).</P><B>Results</B><P>A total of 572 patients (88% female) were recruited, with a mean ± SD age of 35 ± 14 years. The mean ± SD disease duration was 5.2 ± 4.2 months. Within the enrollment window, 158 of 572 patients (28%) had at least 1 NP event. In total, there were 242 NP events that encompassed 15 of 19 NP syndromes. The proportion of NP events attributed to SLE varied from 19% to 38% using alternate attribution models and occurred in 6.1–11.7% of patients. Those with NP events, regardless of attribution, had lower scores on the SF-36 and higher SDI scores compared with patients with no NP events.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Twenty-eight percent of SLE patients experienced at least 1 NP event around the time of diagnosis of SLE, of which only a minority were attributed to SLE. Regardless of attribution, the occurrence of NP events was associated with reduced quality of life and increased organ damage.</P>