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Thomas P. Kenny,Shang-an Shu,Yuki Moritoki,Carl L. Keen,M. Eric Gershwin 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1
Flavanols and procyanidins isolated from cocoa have been reported to possess multiple activities potentially relevant to oxidant defenses, vascular function, and immune function. In a combination of in vivo and in vitro studies, we and others have observed that cocoa can be an anti-inflammatory modulator and that compounds in cocoa are capable of modulating eicosanoid production, platelet aggregation, and the pool size of nitric oxide. The present study extends these findings by examining the in vitro effects of cocoa procyanidins on polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). PMNs, part of the innate arm of the immune system, represent 50–60% of the total peripheral white blood cells and are the first cells to be recruited to the sites of inflammation or injury secondary to bacterial infections. Herein, we demonstrate that certain flavanols and procyanidins isolated from cocoa can moderate a subset of signaling pathways derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of PMNs, mainly, PMN oxidative bursts and activation markers, and they can influence select apoptosis mechanisms. We hypothesize that flavanols and procyanidins can decrease the impact of LPS on the N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-primed PMN ability to generate reactive oxygen species by partially interfering in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The New Epidemic and the Need for Novel Nutritional Approaches
Carlo Selmi,Christopher L. Bowlus,Carl L. Keen,M. Eric Gershwin 한국식품영양과학회 2007 Journal of medicinal food Vol.10 No.4
The epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the United States is staggering, and there is anenormous void in our understanding of the clinical epidemiology other than the common themes of obesity and insulin re-and appropriate nutritional supplements. There is, however, a wealth of basic science that helps to set the stage for definingthe mechanisms leading to liver pathology. In this article we will attempt to put these concepts in perspective to highlight theneed for future research including the use of medicinal food.
Kenny, Thomas P.,Shu, Shang-An,Moritoki, Yuki,Keen, Carl L.,Gershwin, M. Eric The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.1
Flavanols and procyanidins isolated from cocoa have been reported to possess multiple activities potentially relevant to oxidant defenses, vascular function, and immune function. In a combination of in vivo and in vitro studies, we and others have observed that cocoa can be an anti-inflammatory modulator and that compounds in cocoa are capable of modulating eicosanoid production, platelet aggregation, and the pool size of nitric oxide. The present study extends these findings by examining the in vitro effects of cocoa procyanidins on polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). PMNs, part of the innate arm of the immune system, represent 50-60% of the total peripheral white blood cells and are the first cells to be recruited to the sites of inflammation or injury secondary to bacterial infections. Herein, we demonstrate that certain flavanols and procyanidins isolated from cocoa can moderate a subset of signaling pathways derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of PMNs, mainly, PMN oxidative bursts and activation markers, and they can influence select apoptosis mechanisms. We hypothesize that flavanols and procyanidins can decrease the impact of LPS on the N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-primed PMN ability to generate reactive oxygen species by partially interfering in activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.