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Fotouhi, L.,Farzinnegad, N.,Heravi, M.M.,Khaleghi, Sh. Korean Chemical Society 2003 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.24 No.12
An electrochemical study related to the electroreduction of 4-amino-6-methyl-3-thio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one(I), 6-methyl-3-thio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one(II), and 2,4-dimetoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine(III) in dimethylformamide at glassy carbon electrode has been performed. A variety of electrochemical techniques, such as differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry, and coulometry were employed to clarify the mechanism of the electrode process. The compounds I and II with thiol group exhibited similar redox behavior. Both displayed two cathodic peaks, whereas the third compound, III, without thiol group showed only one cathodic peak in the same potential range of the second peak of I and II. The results of this study suggest that in the first step the one electron reduction of thiol produced a disulfide derivative and in the second reduction step the azomethane in the triazine ring was reduced in two electron processes. A reduction mechanism for all three compounds is proposed on this basis. In addition, some numerical constants, such as diffusion constant, transfer coefficient, and rate constant of coupled chemical reaction in the first reduction peak were also reported.
Fuzzy sliding‐mode control of a human arm in the sagittal plane with optimal trajectory
Fateme Fotouhi Ardakani,Ramin Vatankhah,Mojtaba Sharifi 한국전자통신연구원 2018 ETRI Journal Vol.40 No.5
Patients with spinal cord injuries cannot move their limbs using their intact muscles. A suitable controller can be used to move their arms by employing the functional electrical stimulation method. In this article, a fuzzy exponential sliding‐mode controller is designed to move a musculoskeletal human arm model to track an optimal trajectory in the sagittal plane. This optimal arm trajectory is obtained by developing a policy for the central nervous system. In order to specify the optimal trajectory between two points, two dynamic and static optimal criteria are applied simultaneously. The first dynamic objective function is defined to minimize the joint torques, and the second static optimization is offered to minimize the muscle forces at each moment. In addition, fuzzy logic is used to tune the sliding‐surface parameter to enable an appropriate tracking performance. Simulation results are evaluated and compared with experimental data for upward and downward movements of the human arm.
Effect of Water Stress on Freezing Tolerance of Mexican Lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) Seedlings
Reza Fotouhi Ghazvini,Mohammad Reza Baghbanha,Abdollah Hatamzadeh,Mokhtar Heidari 한국원예학회 2008 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.49 No.5
Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) is the most sensitive citrus plant to freezing. To study the effect of water stress on development of freezing tolerance of lime seedlings, changes of chlorophyll content, total soluble sugar, electrolyte leakage (EL), proline, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, as indicators of freezing damage were evaluated. The seedlings at the stage of 7-9 leaves were exposed to four levels of field capacity (FC) including 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% FC. Then, water stressed plants were subjected to -2, -4, -6, and -8℃ freezing temperatures for 12 hours. The results showed an increase in EL and total soluble sugar during freezing stress, whereas chlorophyll content, efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and electron transfer rate (ETR) considerably decreased. Within the water stressed treatments, 25% FC decreased EL to 71.5% of control, while chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, Fv/Fm, and ETR were significantly increased. Therefore, as a vital indicator, 25% FC water stress could improve freezing tolerance of lime seedlings.
An Efficient Method to Calculate Optimal Pulse Patterns for Multi-Level Converters
Reza Fotouhi,Alexey Sorokin,Ralph Kennel,Hendrik du Toit Mouton 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6
Optimal Pulse Patterns (OPPs) permit setting the switching frequency of power converters to a low value without compromising on Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). The optimization, which is performed offline, is a slow procedure. For instance a normal PC might need up to several weeks to calculate OPPs for a five-level converter. This paper presents a general algorithm for calculating OPPs for multi-level converters. Where calculation time is highly reduced via reformulation of optimization problem and choosing proper initial values. The calculation procedure is explained in detail and compared with standard optimization algorithm for a five-level inverter.
Reza Fotouhi Ghazvini,Maryam Tatari Varnusfaderani,Yousof Hamidoghli 한국원예학회 2005 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.46 No.5
This study was conducted on in vitro induction of bulblets from bulb scale explants of Lilium ledebourii and Lilium × Gironde (Asiatic hybrid). Apical and basal segments of bulb scales were cut separately and cultured aseptically on MS basal medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) at 0.01 and 0.1 ㎎ㆍℓ?¹ and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.01 and 0.1 ㎎ㆍℓ?¹ and on a medium without plant growth regulators. The greater number and fresh weight of L. ledebourii bulb lets were obtained on medium without plant growth regulators. For Asiatic hybrid, however, the greater number and fresh weight of bulb lets (9.16 and 1.1g, respectively) increased on medium containing BA plus NAA at equal concentrations of 0.1 ㎎ㆍℓ?¹. In both species, the highest number of roots was obtained on medium containing 0.1㎎ㆍℓ?¹ NAA without BA. Basal parts of bulb were more effective than the apical sections.
Naseri, Maryam,Fotouhi, Lida,Ehsani, Ali The Korean Electrochemical Society 2018 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.9 No.1
Metal-organic frameworks have recently been considered very promising modifiers in electrochemical analysis due to their unique characteristics among which tunable pore sizes, crystalline ordered structures, large surface areas and chemical tenability are worth noting. In the present research, $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$ was electrodeposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode at room temperature under cathodic potential and was initially used as the active materials for the detection of $H_2O_2$. The cyclic voltammogram of $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$ modified GC electrode shows distinct redox peaks potentials at +0.002 and +0.212 V in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.5) corresponding to $Cu^{(II)}/Cu^{(I)}$ in $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$. Acting as the electrode materials of a non-enzymatic $H_2O_2$ biosensor, the $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$ brings about a promising electrocatalytic performance. The high electrocatalytic activity of the $Cu(btec)_{0.5}DMF$ modified GC electrode is demonstrated by the amperometric response towards $H_2O_2$ reduction with a wide linear range from $5{\mu}M$ to $8000{\mu}M$, a low detection limit of $0.865{\mu}M$, good stability and high selectivity at an applied potential of -0.2 V, which was higher than some $H_2O_2$ biosensors.