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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Fike, R.S. (검색결과 3 건)
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Enhancing the Fire Performance of Concrete-Filled Steel Columns through System-Level Analysis
Fike, R.S.,Kodur, V.K.R. Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2013 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.2 No.1
The use of concrete filling offers a practical alternative for achieving the required stability of steel Hollow Structural Section (HSS) columns under fire conditions. However, current methods for evaluating fire resistance of Concrete Filled Hollow Structural Steel (CFHSS) columns are highly conservative as they are based on an elemental approach without due consideration to structural interactions that occur in framed structural systems. To overcome this limitation, a system level fire resistance analysis was carried out by treating CFHSS columns as part of an overall structural frame. In this analysis, an eight story steel-framed building was modeled under a range of standard and performance-based fire scenarios (including multi-story progressive burn-out fires) to evaluate the contribution of various structural members/assemblies to overall fire resistance. One of the primary factors considered was the use of concrete filling in HSS columns as an alternative to standard W-shape columns. Results from the analysis indicate that the use of CFHSS columns, in place of W-shape columns, in a performance-based environment can fully eliminate the need for applied fire protection to columns, while providing the required level of structural fire resistance.
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Park, H.S.,Lee, J.K.,Fike, J.H.,Kim, D.A.,Ko, M.S.,Ha, Jong Kyu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.5
Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has become increasingly used as a rapid, accurate method of evaluating some chemical constituents in cereal grains and forages. If samples could be analyzed without drying and grinding, then sample preparation time and costs may be reduced. This study was conducted to develop robust NIRS equations to predict fermentation quality of corn (Zea mays) silage and to select acceptable sample preparation methods for prediction of fermentation products in corn silage by NIRS. Prior to analysis, samples (n = 112) were either oven-dried and ground (OD), frozen in liquid nitrogen and ground (LN) and intact fresh (IF). Samples were scanned from 400 to 2,500 nm with an NIRS 6,500 monochromator. The samples were divided into calibration and validation sets. The spectral data were regressed on a range of dry matter (DM), pH and short chain organic acids using modified multivariate partial least squares (MPLS) analysis that used first and second order derivatives. All chemical analyses were conducted with fresh samples. From these treatments, calibration equations were developed successfully for concentrations of all constituents except butyric acid. Prediction accuracy, represented by standard error of prediction (SEP) and $R^2_{v}$ (variance accounted for in validation set), was slightly better with the LN treatment ($R^2$ 0.75-0.90) than for OD ($R^2$ 0.43-0.81) or IF ($R^2$ 0.62-0.79) treatments. Fermentation characteristics could be successfully predicted by NIRS analysis either with dry or fresh silage. Although statistical results for the OD and IF treatments were the lower than those of LN treatment, intact fresh (IF) treatment may be acceptable when processing is costly or when possible component alterations are expected.
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Effects of aromatherapy on dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Song, Ji-Ah,Lee, Mi-kyoung,Min, Eunsil,Kim, Mi-Eun,Fike, Geraldine,Hur, Myung-Haeng Elsevier 2018 International journal of nursing studies Vol.84 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>Menstrual pain is not a disease, but it is a problem that periodically makes women uncomfortable during menstrual cycles. There has been a continuing effort to alleviate menstrual cramps in the medical field. Aromatherapy, one of the alternative complementary therapies, has been used as a way to alleviate menstrual cramps, but there is still little evidence of how to use it. Therefore, in this study, we tried to find and provide the evidence of relieving effects of menstrual cramps.</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>This study involved a systematic review and meta-analysis. The study was to identify the effects of aromatherapy on menstrual pain through a systematic review of the relevant literature from Korea and abroad and a meta-analysis of the data from studies meeting our inclusion criteria.</P> <P><B>Data sources</B></P> <P>We obtained articles published in English from PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and we also obtained articles by searching the Korean databases Research Information Service System (RISS), DBPIA, and Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS).</P> <P><B>Review methods</B></P> <P>A systematic review was performed on all searchable articles published form inception to October 17, 2016, using the international and Korean databases noted above. The search terms used was ((aromatherapy OR aroma* OR essential oil) AND (dysmenorrhea OR menstrual pain)). Articles were selected for analysis from among the retrieved articles based on the key questions and the inclusion and exclusion criteria using a PRISMA flow diagram. The 21 articles entire texts were reviewed and qualitatively analyzed while seven articles were quantitatively analyzed using RevMan software ver. 5.3.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>In a comparison between the experimental groups, which received an aromatherapy intervention, and the control groups, which received no treatment of any kind, the dysmenorrhea score in the experimental group decreased by 2.67 points (mean difference −2.67), showing a statistically significant difference(Z = 7.79, p < .001, Higgins I<SUP>2</SUP> = 0%). Compared to the placebo group, which received a placebo oil treatment, the dysmenorrhea score in the experimental group decreased by 1.71 points (mean difference, −1.71), showing a statistically significant difference (Z = 4.51, p < .001), but high heterogeneity (Higgins I<SUP>2</SUP> = 81%).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Aromatherapy was an effective intervention for reducing dysmenorrhea. However, because the analysis showed that the aroma intervention methods were diverse and that the basis for the intervention methods was weak, the possibility of randomization bias was high.</P>
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