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Fengming Qin,Yajie Li,Wenwu He,Xiaodong Zhao,Huiqin Chen 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.6
The aging precipitation behavior in Mn18Cr18N austenitic stainless steel was investigated at temperatures from600 °C to 900 °C. During isothermal aging treatment, the primary precipitate was Cr2N with a = 0.478 nm and c =0.444 nm, and it preferentially nucleates along initial grain boundaries and gradually grows towards the interior ofgrains in discontinuous cellular way. Meanwhile, a small amount of granular face-centred cubic M23C6 with a =1.066 nm also were observed, which mainly form along grain boundaries. The effect of these precipitates onmechanical properties of the alloy was studied. It was found that precipitates result in degeneration of the matrixhardness. Meanwhile, the SEM morphologies of aged tensile sample show that the brittle fracture predominatesduring deformation, i.e. the fracture mode transforms from intergranular fracture to transgranular fracture with theincreasing of aging time. Compared with the solution-treated sample, the strength of the aged tensile samplesslightly decreases and plasticity remarkably deteriorates.
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Umer Shahzad,Fengming Qin,Muhammad Umar Farooq 한국사회복지학회 2019 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.13 No.3
This article studies whether the pursuit of foreign aid for counterterrorism purposes militarizes or mitigates terrorism. It focuses on the USAID and official development assistance (ODA) flows to Pakistan, which recently has experienced an increase due to the presence of deadliest terrorist organizations. By using the time series data from 1985 to 2016, the paper investigated the foreign aid and terrorism nexus for pre-9/11 and post-9/11 periods. The empirical estimations of autoregressive distrib-uted lag bound testing approach reported that an increase in military expenditures fuels terrorism in post-9/11 period and the ODA helps to control terrorism from the country. On the contrary, USAID reported insignificant response toward terrorist at-tacks in pre- and post-9/11 periods, suggesting that the foreign aid from the United States has no significant impact on counterterrorism policies for Pakistan. The out-comes of the current study can be utilized in policymaking of counterterrorism and to explore the nexus between foreign aid, terrorism, and military expenditures. The paper concludes that the concerns about the use of foreign aid as counterterrorism tool are warranted, but that actual manifestations are nuanced
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