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Ingestive Behavior of Lambs Confined in Individual and Group Stalls
Filho, A. Eustaquio,Carvalho, G.G.P.,Pires, A.J.V.,Silva, R.R.,Santos, P.E.F.,Murta, R.M.,Pereira, F.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.2
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of $17.8{\pm}5.2$ kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively affects their feeding behavior.
P. Teixeira,J.M.A. Cesar de Sa,A.D. Santos,F.M.A. Pires,A. Barata da Rocha 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6
This article presents an integrated approach for localized necking and failure prediction in sheet metal forming processes, based on the coupling between the anisotropic damage evolution law proposed by Lemaitre [1] and the modified maximum force criterion (MMFC) proposed by Hora et al [2]. To illustrate the essential features of the coupled approach, an aluminum alloy has been selected and numerical predictions have been compared with experimental forming limits, obtained for both linear strain paths evolutions. Numerical results show that the introduction of the softening behavior, caused by the increase of damage, into the necking criterion can play a significant role in triggering local necking, providing an improved prediction of the necking occurrence together with the capability of performing calculations of limit strains when they are governed by fracture rather than by local necking.