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Connecting Northeast Asia: Renewable Energy and Prospects for Cooperation
Cesare M. Scartozzi,Roberto Orsi,Maximilian Ernst,Henry Martin 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2021 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.45 No.4
This article assesses the significance of renewable energy technologies in the integration of the Northeast Asian energy sector. First, it provides a country-level analysis of renewable energy trends in China, Korea, and Japan. Then, it analyzes how domestic trends are linked from a regional perspective, highlighting opportunities and challenges posed by renewable energy technologies. Finally, it assesses the current state of affairs in energy cooperation and provides an appraisal of future developments, with particular attention to the issue of grid connectivity.
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Albert Christian,Haase Michael,Albert Annemarie,Ernst Martin,Kropf Siegfried,Bellomo Rinaldo,Westphal Sabine,Braun-Dullaeus Rüdiger C.,Haase-Fielitz Anja,Elitok Saban 대한진단검사의학회 2021 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.41 No.4
Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and hepcidin-25 are involved in catalytic iron-related kidney injury after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We explored the predictive value of plasma NGAL, plasma hepcidin-25, and the plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 ratio for major adverse kidney events (MAKE) after cardiac surgery. Methods: We compared the predictive value of plasma NGAL, hepcidin-25, and plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 with that of serum creatinine (Cr) and urinary output and protein for primary-endpoint MAKE (acute kidney injury [AKI] stages 2 and 3, persistent AKI >48 hours, acute dialysis, and in-hospital mortality) and secondary-endpoint AKI in 100 cardiac surgery patients at intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We performed ROC curve, logistic regression, and reclassification analyses. Results: At ICU admission, plasma NGAL, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25, plasma interleukin-6, and Cr predicted MAKE (area under the ROC curve [AUC]: 0.77, 0.79, 0.74, and 0.74, respectively) and AKI (0.73, 0.89, 0.70, and 0.69). For AKI prediction, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 had a higher discriminatory power than Cr (AUC difference 0.26 [95% CI 0.00–0.53]). Urinary output and protein, plasma lactate, C-reactive protein, creatine kinase myocardial band, and brain natriuretic peptide did not predict MAKE or AKI (AUC <0.70). Only plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 correctly reclassified patients according to their MAKE and AKI status (category-free net reclassification improvement: 0.82 [95% CI 0.12–1.52], 1.03 [0.29–1.77]). After adjustment to the Cleveland risk score, plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 ≥0.9 independently predicted MAKE (adjusted odds ratio 16.34 [95% CI 1.77–150.49], P=0.014). Conclusions: Plasma NGAL:hepcidin-25 is a promising marker for predicting postoperative MAKE.
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