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Distribution and genetic diversity of Feline calicivirus in Moscow metropolitan area
Alina Komina,Nikita Krasnikov,Oksana Kucheruk,Elena Zhukova,Anton Yuzhakov,Alexey Gulyukin 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.6
Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is widespread throughout the world. An FCV infection is associated with conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and mouth ulcers that can lead to the animal’s death. Because vaccination is not always effective, it is necessary to monitor the infection regularly. Objectives: This study examined the FCV epizootic situation in the Moscow metropolitan area by conducting a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the virus isolates. Methods: Samples from 6213 animals were examined by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. For phylogenetic analysis, 12 nucleotide sequences obtained from animal samples were selected. Sequencing was performed using the Sanger method. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method. Results: The FCV genome was detected in 1,596 (25.7%) samples out of 6,213. In 2018, calicivirus was detected in 18.9% of samples, 27.8% in 2019, 21.4% in 2020, and 32.6% in 2021. Phylogenetic analysis of the F ORF2 region and the ORF3 start region led to division into two FCV genogroups. Most of the isolates (8 out of 12) were close to the Chinese strains. On the other hand, there were isolates closely related to European and American strains. The isolates circulating in Moscow were not included in clusters with vaccine strains; their nucleotide similarity varied from 77% to 83%. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence and genetic diversity of the FCV in Moscow. The epizootic situation remains stably tense because 24 viruses were detected in 25% of animals annually.
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Smyslov, Ruslan Yu,Tomilin, Felix N.,Shchugoreva, Irina A.,Nosova, Galina I.,Zhukova, Elena V.,Litvinova, Larisa S.,Yakimansky, Alexander V.,Kolesnikov, Ilya,Abramov, Igor G.,Ovchinnikov, Sergei G.,Av Elsevier 2019 Polymer Vol.168 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Using Suzuki and Yamamoto coupling reactions, copoly-(9,9-dioctylfluorenes) (<B>CPF</B>) were synthesized and compared regarding their photophysical properties using the spectroscopic and <I>ab initio</I> DFT approaches. The CPFs were functionalized by benzo [2,3,5] thiadiazole (<B>BT</B>) or carbazole-3,6-diyl (3,6-Cz). The latter was used to introduce different luminophore fragments, including Nile red and 4-pyrrolidinyl-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives. The effect of the two synthesis techniques on the polymer microstructure, the influence of embedding of 3,6-Cz moieties in the polymer backbone on polymer structuring, and the impact of the end groups like novel quinoxaline-containing compounds on the luminescent properties of CPFs were investigated. By comparing electron density distribution using the <I>ab initio</I> DFT approach with photoluminescence, it was shown that Suzuki reaction provides a chain microstructure with individual BT fragments separated by 9,9-dioctylfluorene monomeric units, while Yamamoto reaction leads to the blocks of BT units. This effect leads to different CPF photophysical properties (absorption and emission spectra).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Light-emitted copolyfluorenes were obtained using Suzuki and Yamamoto reactions. </LI> <LI> Yamamoto coupling leads in the microblock chain structure of conjugated polymer. </LI> <LI> Suzuki coupling allows the alternating comonomeric copolyfluorene chain. </LI> <LI> End groups rule photoluminescence properties of copolyfluorenes. </LI> <LI> Naphthalbenzimidazole group provides FRET from fluorene to Nile red. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
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