http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Wintsch, R.P.,Yi, K.,Dorais, M.J. Pergamon Press 2014 Journal of structural geology Vol.69 No.2
Zircon grains in granites from Avalonian and Ganderian rocks in southern New England host brittle internal structures that are interpreted here to show the host rocks to be allochthonous. Significant among these structures are inherited cores that are commonly fractured and even dismembered. This intense fracturing is interpreted as reflecting an important cataclastic event. The maximum age of fracturing is constrained to be younger than the age of the youngest broken magmatic core: 360 +/- 4 Ma. The minimum age must be older than the oldest zircon rim that heals these fractures: that is, Early Permian. The occurrence of cataclastic zircon requires that these rocks were relatively cold (i.e. in the upper crust) during the Carboniferous and therefore were not involved in the pervasive high-grade Acadian metamorphism. The present map pattern of inter-tonguing high-grade and low-grade slices of peri-Gondwanan rocks shows that they were assembled by crustal-scale tectonic wedging. The consequent thickening ultimately led to anatexis in the lower slices during the Permian. Thus, evidence for cataclasis of zircon grains from the Avalon and Gander terranes of southern New England suggests that these peri-Gondwanan terranes remained outboard of Laurentia during the well-documented Early Devonian Acadian orogeny and were first fully accreted to North America during the Alleghanian (Permian) orogeny.
Anick R. Fournier,Shahrokh Khanizadeh,Louis Gauthier,Andre Gosselin,Martine Dorais 고려인삼학회 2003 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.27 No.4
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi naturally colonise American ginseng roots and this relationship is highly beneficial to enhance plant productivity. Our goal was to determine the effect of adding two Glomus species (Glomus etuticatum, G. intraradices) on survival, photosynthetic capacity, growth, morphology and root ginsenoside content of one-year-old American ginseng plants grown in a broadleaf forest. While our study revealed that VAM inoculations significantly affected root morphology and Re ginsenoside content, the survival, photosynthetic capacity and root growth of American ginseng plants were not significantly influenced by VAM inoculations. Surface area and volume of rootlets were 16-25% higher for ginseng grown in VAM-inoculated soil compared to those grown in the control plots. Also, Reginsenoside content was 18 % higher in VAM-inoculated roots compared to controls.
Fournier, Anick R.,Khanizadeh, Shahrokh,Gauthier, Louis,Gosselin, Andre,Dorais, Martine The Korean Society of Ginseng 2003 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.27 No.4
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi naturally colonise American ginseng roots and this relationship is highly beneficial to enhance plant productivity. Our goal was to determine the effect of adding two Glomus species (Glomus etuticatum, G. intraradices) on survival, photosynthetic capacity, growth, morphology and root ginsenoside content of one-year-old American ginseng plants grown in a broadleaf forest. While our study revealed that VAM inoculations significantly affected root morphology and Re ginsenoside content, the survival, photosynthetic capacity and root growth of American ginseng plants were not significantly influenced by VAM inoculations. Surface area and volume of rootlets were 16-25% higher for ginseng grown in VAM-inoculated soil compared to those grown in the control plots. Also, Re ginsenoside content was 18 % higher in YAM-inoculated roots compared to controls.
Fournier, Anick R.,T.A., John,Khanizadeh, Shahrokh,Gosselin, Andre,Dorais, Martine The Korean Society of Ginseng 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.4
Forest-grown American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is exposed to daily and seasonal light variations. Our goal was to determine the effect of understory light changes on the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, expressed as $F_v/F_m$, and photosynthetic pigment composition of two-year-old plants. Understory light photon flux density and sunfleck durations were characterized using hemispherical canopy photography. Our results showed that understory light significantly affected the $F_v/F_m$ of American ginseng, especially during the initial development of the plants when light levels were the highest, averaging 28 mol $m^{-2}d^{-1}$. Associated with low $F_v/F_m$ during its initial development, American ginseng had the lowest levels of epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle of the season, suggesting an active dissipation of excess light energy absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments. As photon flux density decreased after the deployment of the forest canopy to less than 10 mol $m^{-2}d^{-1}$, chlorophyll a/b decreased suggesting a greater investment in light harvesting pigments to reaction centers in order to absorb the fleeting light energy.
Anick R. Fournier,John T.A. Proctor,Shahrokh Khanizadeh,Andre Gosselin,Martine Dorais 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.4
Forest-grown American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is exposed to daily and seasonal light variations. Our goal was to determine the effect of understory light changes on the maximum quantum yield of photosystem Ⅱ, expressed as Fv/Fm, and photosynthetic pigment composition of two-year-old plants. Understory light photon flux density and sunfleck durations were characterized using hemispherical canopy photography. Our results showed that understory light significantly affected the Fv/Fm of American ginseng, especially during the initial development of the plants when light levels were the highest, averaging 28 mol m<SUP>-2</SUP>d<SUP>-1</SUP>. Associated with low Fv/Fm during its initial development, American ginseng had the lowest levels of epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle of the season, suggesting an active dissipation of excess light energy absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments. As photon flux density decreased after the deployment of the forest canopy to less than 10 mol m<SUP>-2</SUP>d<SUP>-1</SUP>, chlorophyll a/b decreased suggesting a greater investment in light harvesting pigments to reaction centers in order to absorb the fleeting light energy.