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High Temperature Oxidation Behaviour of Ferritic Stainless Steel SUS 430 in Humid Air
Xiawei Cheng,Zhengyi Jiang,Dongbin Wei,Jingwei Zhao,Brian J. Monaghan,Raymond J. Longbottom,Laizhu Jiang 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.2
The high temperature oxidation behaviour of ferritic stainless steel SUS 430 was investigated over the temperaturerange from 1000 to 1150 °C in humid air containing 18% water vapour. Isothermal thermogravimetricanalyses were performed to study the oxidation kinetics. The microstructure, composition and thickness ofthe oxide scale formed were investigated via optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction and a scanning electronmicroscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The results indicate that breakaway oxidationoccurs at all temperatures and that its onset is accelerated by increasing temperature. The growth rate of themultilayer oxide scale follows a parabolic law with apparent activation energy of 240.69 kJ/mol, and theformation of FeO is decreased when the temperature is higher than 1120°C. The inner oxide scale, Fe-Cr spinel,grows mainly inward and internal oxidation is observed even in a short oxidation test at 1150°C for 105 s. The mechanism of high temperature oxidation of SUS 430 in humid air containing 18% water vapour is discussed.
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Yang, Wen,Ok, Yong Sik,Dou, Xiaomin,Zhang, Yu,Yang, Min,Wei, Dongbin,Xu, Peng Elsevier 2019 Environmental research Vol.175 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Breaking down the structural bonds and eliminating the functional groups are more efficient than destroying the whole molecule in antibiotic production wastewater (APW) pretreatment before further biotreatment. Two sulfated titania (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/SO<SUB>4</SUB>) solid superacids, SSA1 and SSA2 were synthesized, characterized and used for hydrolytic pretreatment of spiramycin in APW. Spiramycin removal followed an order of SSA2>SSA1>TiO<SUB>2</SUB>≈pH = 3>control. The hydrolytic efficiencies increased at elevated temperature from 25 °C to 65 °C. The hydrolytic kinetics followed a first-order model and SSA2 performed the fastest. The performances were positively correlated with both the total acidity determined by <I>n</I>-butylamine titration and the strength of acid sites measured by NH<SUB>3</SUB>-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The residual solution for SSA2 presented the least antibacterial potency and anaerobic inhibition among all treatments. The hydrolyzed product was identified as the <I>m/z</I> 699.4321 fragment using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS, which was formed after losing a functional mycarose moiety from the parent molecular. The solid superacids were effective in selectively eliminating 433 mg/L of spiramycin and the antibacterial potencies of the spiramycin production wastewater, which contained very high concentrations of COD (33,000 mg/L). This hydrolytic method avoids using and handling hazardous and corrosive mineral acids on site. It is attractive as a selective catalytic pretreatment method to cleave antibiotics’ functional groups and to reduce its inhibitory effects before sequential biotreatments.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Solid superacids were made by calcining the reaction products of H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> and titania. </LI> <LI> Functional group breakage was catalyzed by the acid sites of solid superacids. </LI> <LI> The Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites all contributed to the hydrolytic reaction. </LI> <LI> The antibacterial potency and the anaerobic inhibition were effectively decreased. </LI> <LI> Superacids performed well in hydrolytic pretreatment of the production wastewater. </LI> </UL> </P>
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