An Improved Approach to Ranking Web Documents

Gupta, Pooja,Singh, Sandeep K.,Yadav, Divakar,Sharma, A.K. Korea Information Processing Society 2013 Journal of information processing systems Vol.9 No.2

Ranking thousands of web documents so that they are matched in response to a user query is really a challenging task. For this purpose, search engines use different ranking mechanisms on apparently related resultant web documents to decide the order in which documents should be displayed. Existing ranking mechanisms decide on the order of a web page based on the amount and popularity of the links pointed to and emerging from it. Sometime search engines result in placing less relevant documents in the top positions in response to a user query. There is a strong need to improve the ranking strategy. In this paper, a novel ranking mechanism is being proposed to rank the web documents that consider both the HTML structure of a page and the contextual senses of keywords that are present within it and its back-links. The approach has been tested on data sets of URLs and on their back-links in relation to different topics. The experimental result shows that the overall search results, in response to user queries, are improved. The ordering of the links that have been obtained is compared with the ordering that has been done by using the page rank score. The results obtained thereafter shows that the proposed mechanism contextually puts more related web pages in the top order, as compared to the page rank score.

Diagnostic Role of Survivin in Urinary Bladder Cancer

Srivastava, Anupam Kumar,Singh, Pankaj Kumar,Srivastava, Kirti,Singh, Dhramveer,Dalela, Divakar,Rath, Srikanta Kumar,Goel, Madhu Mati,Bhatt, Madan Lal Brahma Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.1

Background: Early diagnosis of carcinoma of bladder remains a challenge. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family, is frequently activated in bladder carcinoma. The objective of this study was to investigate urinary survivin as a marker for diagnosis of urinary bladder. Materials and Methods: We examined urinary survivin concentration in 28 healthy individuals, 46 positive controls and 117 cases of histologically proven TCC prior to transurethral resection, using ELISA, and compared values with findings for urinary cytology. Results: Survivin was found to be significantly higher in the cancer group (P<0.05). A cut off value of 17.7 pg/ml was proposed, with an approximate sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 81.1% (P<0.0001), whereas urine cytology had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 96.0%. Conclusions: Urinary survivin can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for TCC bladder, both for primary and recurrent disease.

An Improved Approach to Ranking Web Documents

Pooja Gupta,Sandeep K. Singh,Divakar Yadav,A. K. Sharma 한국정보처리학회 2013 Journal of information processing systems Vol.9 No.2

Ranking thousands of web documents so that they are matched in response to a user query is really a challenging task. For this purpose, search engines use different ranking mechanisms on apparently related resultant web documents to decide the order in which documents should be displayed. Existing ranking mechanisms decide on the order of a web page based on the amount and popularity of the links pointed to and emerging from it. Sometime search engines result in placing less relevant documents in the top positions in response to a user query. There is a strong need to improve the ranking strategy. In this paper, a novel ranking mechanism is being proposed to rank the web documents that consider both the HTML structure of a page and the contextual senses of keywords that are present within it and its back-links. The approach has been tested on data sets of URLs and on their back-links in relation to different topics. The experimental result shows that the overall search results, in response to user queries, are improved. The ordering of the links that have been obtained is compared with the ordering that has been done by using the page rank score. The results obtained thereafter shows that the proposed mechanism contextually puts more related web pages in the top order, as compared to the page rank score

In-vitro Studies on Copper Nanoparticles and Nano-hydroxyapatite Infused Biopolymeric Composite Scaffolds for Bone Bioengineering Applications

Shikha Kumari,Abha Mishra,Divakar Singh,Chenzhong Li,Pradeep Srivastava 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.1

This research study deals with the development of copper nanoparticles (CN) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) infused chitosan (C) and gelatin (G) based nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. Human-origin osteoblast cells (MG-63) were seeded over the scaffolds to investigate the novel biomimetic extracellular matrix system. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed an average pore size between 100-146 μm for all the C-G-nHAP-CN based scaffolds. The in-vitro degradation study showed 74-83% degradation for CN-based scaffolds. For 0.03% CN based scaffold degradation rate (84%) was very close to the control scaffold. Swelling ratio was highest for the chitosan scaffold and it was in the range between 5.25-5.93 mg/mL for other scaffolds. Compressive moduli were highest for 0.03% CN scaffold (3.32 MPa) which was relatively very high in comparison to C-G-nHAP scaffold with 2.4 MPa strength in a wet state. Stress-strain graphs also show the maximum displacement by 0.03% CN scaffold. The functional and structural analysis for the scaffolds showed the presence of nHAP in the scaffold and CN peaks within the composite structure. Differential scanning colorimetry testing showed reduced crystallinity in CN-based scaffolds with a melting temperature of 320ºC. Their 2D cell behaviour in the Electrical Cell Impedance System (ECIS) study showed maximum cell spreading and growth in 0.02% CN-based scaffold. The cell-seeded composite was tested for 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 4,6-diamidino-2- phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange and propidium iodide (AOPI) assay for testing its cytocompatibility for MG-63 cell line. Cell proliferation and cell spreading was observed by SEM in all the CN-based scaffolds. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was highest in 0.03% CN scaffold with 2.0 optical density (OD) value. Alizarin Red Stain (ARS) staining was performed to support this study. It can be statistically depicted that nHAP and 0.03% CNbased scaffold could be potential biomaterial for minor to severe bone-related tissue regeneration applications.

A Critical Aspect of Bioreactor Designing and Its Application for the Generation of Tissue Engineered Construct: Emphasis on Clinical Translation of Bioreactor

Aditya Anand,Sarada Prasanna Mallick,Bhisham Narayan Singh,Shikha Kumari,Dheerendra Kumar Suman,Satyavrat Tripathi,Divakar Singh,Pradeep Srivastava 한국생물공학회 2022 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.27 No.4

Usage of bioreactors in the field of tissue engineering has played a significant role in enabling a controlled and reproducible change in the formation of damaged tissue on being provided with specific factors. Owing to the scarcity seen in providing sufficient donor organs for transplantation there is a huge requirement for large-scale production of artificial organs. This cannot be achieved by static culturing since it does not provide an invivo three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment therefore tissue engineering plays a vital role in the development of artificial tissues and organs as per the clinical demands whereas bioreactors have served a major role in providing the artificial microenvironment required by the cells to grow further into a tissue and then into an organ. By providing the specific biochemical cues and mechanoresponsive stimuli the bioreactors turn to be very effective in generating transplantable organs. Apart from performing studies in a controlled manner aimed at understanding biological and physicochemical effects, bioreactors also ensure the safe and reproducible production of tissueengineered constructs to achieve cost-effective large-scale production. The design criteria for bioreactors to be used in tissue engineering include optimal aspect ratio, proper aeration for the cells to proliferate, and agitation with reduced shear stress. The current review summarizes important aspects like Height/Diameter ratio or aspect ratio, shear stress, mechanical stress, aeration, agitation, oxygenation, etc. related to the design of tissue bioreactors, different types of bioreactors that are in use to date, and the reported pieces of literature to yield an overview on the existing concepts. It mainly focuses on the generation of 3D tissue constructs in various reactor systems specially designed for their culture and development along with their applications.

An Improved Approach to Ranking Web Documents

( Poo A Gupta ),( Sandeep K. Singh ),( Divakar Yadav ),( A. K. Sharma ) 한국정보처리학회 2013 Journal of information processing systems Vol.9 No.2

Ranking thousands of web documents so that they are matched in response to a user query is really a challenging task. For this purpose, search engines use different ranking mechanisms on apparently related resultant web documents to decide the order in which documents should be displayed. Existing ranking mechanisms decide on the order of a web page based on the amount and popularity of the links pointed to and emerging from it. Sometime search engines result in placing less relevant documents in the top positions in response to a user query. There is a strong need to improve the ranking strategy. In this paper, a novel ranking mechanism is being proposed to rank the web documents that consider both the HTML structure of a page and the contextual senses of keywords that are present within it and its back-links. The approach has been tested on data sets of URLs and on their back-links in relation to different topics. The experimental result shows that the overall search results, in response to user queries, are improved. The ordering of the links that have been obtained is compared with the ordering that has been done by using the page rank score. The results obtained thereafter shows that the proposed mechanism contextually puts more related web pages in the top order, as compared to the page rank score

Significant Association of Metabolic Indices, Lipid Profile, and Androgen Levels with Prostate Cancer

Tewari, Reshu,Chhabra, Mohini,Natu, Shankar Madhavan,Goel, Apul,Dalela, Divakar,Goel, Madhu Mati,Rajender, Singh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Objectives: To compare the metabolic indices, lipid profile, androgens, and prostate specific antigen between prostate cancer and BPH and between grades of prostate cancer in a cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 95 cases of prostate cancer and 95 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate gland volume was measured using transrectal ultrasound. We compared insulin, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, prostate specific antigen levels and lipid profile between prostate cancer of different grades and BPH. Further, prostate cancer patients were classified into low grade and high grade. Unpaired t-test for normally distributed variables and Man-Whitney U test for non-normal variables were used to assess differences. Results: We found that prostate cancer patients had significantly higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in comparison to their BPH counterparts. Higher levels of these parameters also correlated with a higher grade of the disease. Conclusions: We conclude that higher levels of insulin, testosterone, PSA, and cholesterol correlate with a higher risk of prostate cancer, and also with a higher grade of the disease.

SRD5A2 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia but not Prostate Cancer

Choubey, Vimal Kumar,Sankhwar, Satya Narayan,Carlus, S. Justin,Singh, Anand Narayan,Dalela, Divakar,Thangaraj, Kumarasamy,Rajender, Singh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.3

Background: Testosterone, a primary androgen in males, is converted into its most active form, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), by $5{\alpha}$-reductase type 2 (encoded by the SRD5A2 gene) in the prostate. DHT is necessary for prostatic growth and has five times higher binding affinity than testosterone for androgen receptors. We hypothesized that polymorphic variations in the SRD5A2 gene may affect the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: We analyzed SRD5A2 gene polymorphisms in 217 BPH patients, 192 PCa cases, and 171 controls. Genotyping was undertaken using direct DNA sequencing. Genotype data were compared between cases and controls using a Chi square statistical tool. Results: We found that the A49T locus was monomorphic with 'AA' genotype in all subjects. At V89L locus, the presence of 'VV' showed a marginally significant correlation with increased BPH risk (p=0.047). At the $(TA)_n$ locus, longer TA repeats were found to be protective against BPH (p=0.003). However, neither of these polymoprhisms correlated with the risk of PCa. Conclusions: We conclude that A49T is monomorphic in the study population, VV marginally correlates with BPH risk, and longer $(TA)_n$ repeats are protective against BPH. None of these polymorphisms affect the risk of PCa.